Ansci

• What is the main role of livestock production in the Philippines?


  It provides supplies of food and clothing.
• What processes are involved in livestock production?

  Care and management, selection, breeding, feeding, and marketing of animals.
• What does domestication of animals mean?

  To adapt the behavior of an animal to fit the needs of people.
• How did the domestication of animals begin?


  It began when early humans had contact with wild animals they hunted for food and skins.
• What was the significance of confining animals for early humans?


  It ensured a steadier supply of food and clothing.
• What was the impact of selective breeding on domesticated animals?


  It led to the development of identifiable breeds with desirable characteristics.
• What were the early uses of domesticated cattle?


  Draft, meat, and milk.
• How did domesticated animals contribute to human civilization?


  They provided a surer source of food and clothing, leading to population increases.
• When did cattle domestication likely begin?

  Around 10,500 years ago.
• What are the two main species of modern cattle?

  Bos taurus and Bos indicus.
• How do Bos indicus cattle differ from Bos taurus cattle?

  Bos indicus are more resistant to diseases, parasites, and heat.
• What was the cattle population in the Philippines on January 01, 2024?

  1. 61 million heads.
• Which region had the highest cattle inventory as of January 01, 2024?


  Central Visayas.
• What was the estimated cattle production in 2023?

  234.42 thousand metric tons, liveweight.
• What are the first uses of sheep by humans?

  Meat, skins, milk, and wool.
• What is the ancestry of most present-day sheep?


  They likely came from wild sheep called Moufflons and the Asiatic urial.
• What are some characteristics of sheep that made them suitable for domestication?


  A relative lack of aggression, manageable size, early sexual maturity, social nature, and high reproduction rates.
• What is the significance of goats in early civilizations?


  They were among the first tamed animals and provided various resources.
• What is the primary ancestor of domestic goats?

  The Wild Bezoar or Pasang or Grecian Ibex (Capra aegagrus).
• What are the major differences between goats and sheep?


  Goats have stockier bodies, shorter tails, and different horn shapes compared to sheep.
• What is the current status of goat production in the Philippines?

  It is considered a sunrise industry with low capital investment and high rates of return.
• What was the goat inventory in the Philippines as of January 01, 2024?

  1. 82 million heads.
• Which region had the highest goat inventory as of January 01, 2024?


  Central Visayas.
• What was the total goat production in 2023?

  70.09 thousand metric tons, liveweight.
• What are some characteristics of ruminants that make them valuable in agriculture?

  They convert low-quality farm residues into high-value protein.
• How do sheep and goats contribute to farming systems?


  They are easily integrated into different farming systems and fulfill roles in meat, milk, and manure production.
• What are some functions of livestock in agriculture?


  They convert feed into food, provide fiber and skins for clothing, and help conserve soil fertility.
• What is the role of ruminants in converting feed into food?

  They convert feed grains and roughages into food for human consumption.
• Why are ruminants important in food production?


  They can convert materials that cannot be used directly for human food into human food.
• What types of waste products can be used as feed for ruminants?

  Waste products from fruit and vegetable farming, citrus processing, sugar manufacturing, milling, and cotton ginning.
• How does livestock contribute to clothing production?


  They provide fiber and skins to produce clothing, with leather being a key material.
• What are some characteristics of leather compared to synthetics?


  Leather allows air to pass through, is more durable, and is warmer than synthetic materials.
• What role did animals play in providing power before modern technology?


  Animals provided much of the power used by humans before the development of machines.
• How do livestock help conserve soil fertility?

  By putting manure back on the soil, the rate of loss of soil fertility can be decreased.
• What are some problems facing the ruminant industry?


  Low productivity, feed scarcity, low nutritional levels, poor herd management, inadequate marketing, and stringent credit facilities.
• What is a major issue related to feed resources for sheep and goat production?

  The quality and quantity of supply varies depending on the season.
• Why is herd management often at a low standard in rural areas?

  Because it is used extensively by backyard enterprises and the rural poor who make use of marginal lands.
• What is a characteristic of livestock loan programs?

  They are characterized by stringent lending policies and procedures.
• What is the focus of Unit I.2 in the study material?


  Beef production systems in the Philippines.
• What are the major functions of livestock in agriculture?

  • Conversion of feed into food
  • Provision of fiber and skins for clothing
  • Contribution to soil conservation