Research

• is a description of the condition for the data collection and analysis

  research design
• what research design used in Quantitative research?

  • survey
  • descriptive
• what research design used in qualitative research

  ethnographic, case study, phenomenological
• what are the two types of quantitative research design?

  experimental and quasi-experimental design, descriptive and correlation design
• used to test the casual relationship

  experiment
• used to test whether (and how strongly) variables are related

  correlational
• used to describe characteristics, average, trends, etc

  descriptive
• often conducted in natural environment (higher ecological validity)

  quasi-experimental
• allows you to measure variables and describe relationships between them

  descriptive and correlational design
• allows you to cause and effect relationships

  experimental and quasi-experimental design
• there are two main approaches to select a sample and what are those?

  probability sampling and non probability sampling
• use to effects how confidently you can generalize your results to the population as a whole

  sampling method
• sample is selected using random methods

  probability sampling
• easier to achieve, but more risk of RESEARCH BIAS

  Non-probability sampling
• a collection consulting of a part or subset of the object individuals of population which is selected for the purpose, representing the population

  sample
• it is the process of selecting a sample from the population.

  sampling
• this approach is about gaining a rich, detailed understanding of a specific context or phenomenon and you can often be more creative and flexible in designing your research

  Qualitative research design
• this design is less strictly defined

  qualitative design
• usually conducted in a controlled environment (ex: lab)

  experimental
• gain in depth knowledge of a specific context or culture

  qualitative approach
• explore under-researched problem and generate new ideas

  qualitative approach
• test the effectiveness of a new treatment, program or product

  quantitative approach
• what research design are used in Quantitative

  survey, descriptive, experimental
• what research design is used in qualitative

  ethnographic, case study, phenomenological
• variable are measured without influencing them

  correlational
• it refers to the group of people, items or units under investigation and includes every individual

  population or Universe
• what are the advantages of Sampling

  economical, increase speed, accuracy, rapport
• due to limited area of coverage, completeness and accuracy is possible

  accuracy
• reduce the cost compare to entire population

  economical
• here all members have the same chance (probability) of being selected

  simple random sampling
• random methods provide what in population?

  unbiased cross selection
• for a sample of 50 students, the sampling fraction is 50/400=1/8 i,e. select one student out of every students in the population, the starting points for the selection is chosen at random

  systematic Sampling
• the population is divided into smaller homogenous group or strata by some characteristics and from each of these strata members are selected randomly

  stratified sampling
• each member of sample comes after an equal interval from its pervious member

  systematic sampling
• we wish to draw a sample of 40 students from the population of 800 students. placed all 800 names in the container and draw out 50 names one by one.

  simple random sampling
• random methods provides unbiased cross selection of the population

  simple random sampling
• also known as Judgmental sampling

  purposive sampling
• it consist of units which are obtained because cases are readily available

  convenience sampling
• an interview might be need data 40 adults and 20 adolescents in order to study students' television viewing habits. what sampling is used here?

  quota sampling
• in this sampling method the researchers select a typical group of individuals who might represent the larger population and then collects data from this group

  purposive sampling