Basic Principles in Sanitary and Plumbing Design

• PLUMBING - is the art and technique of installing pipes, fixtures, and other apparatus to convey and supply water in buildings and to dispose and discharge waste water and other liquids, gases and other substances.
• PLUMBER - is a title given to a person who is skilled in the field of sanitation.
• PLUMBARIUS - refers to an individual who worked in the sanitary field of ancient Rome.
• PLUMBUM - latin word meaning "lead".
• In 1935, the National Master Plumbers Association of the Philippines(NAMPAP) was formally organized.
• Manila City Ordinance 2411, the “Plumbing Code for the City of Manila ” was enacted and placed under the Department of Public Services, Manila.
• In 1954, the Third Congress approved House Bill No. 962 which in June 18, 1955, became R.A. 1378 “ Plumbing Law of the Philippines ” upon ratification of President Ramon Magsaysay.
• The Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) adopted the Revised Plumbing Code of 1999 which President Joseph Estrada approved December 21, 1999 pursuant to Section 4 of R.A. 1378 known as the Plumbing Law.
• WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM - A plumbing system is to deliver water to all customers of the system.
• FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM – This system includes fire suppression, sprinklers, smoke detectors, and other fire protection equipment that works in tandem to protect against fire.
• PLUMBING FIXTURES - Is an exchangeable device which can be connected to a plumbing system to deliver and drain water.
• SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM - a system of piping within public or private premises that conveys sewage or other liquid waste to an approved point of disposal.
• STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM - It’ s a network of structures, channels and underground pipes that carry storm water (rain water) to ponds, lakes, streams and rivers.
• Components of Plumbing

  1. WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
  2. FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
  3. PLUMBING FIXTURES
  4. SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
  5. STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
• Objectives of Plumbing

  1. To supply water to different parts of the building. 2. To remove and discharge human wastes and other substances out of building into the public sewer or septic tank.
• Conditions for an Effective Water Supply in Building

  1. To provide sufficient amount of water supply each fixture. 2. To prevent back flow of used water into the water supply system.
• Plumbing systems shall be maintained in serviceable condition by REGISTERED MASTER PLUMBERS.
• Plumbing fixtures shall be made of SMOOTH NON-ABSORBENT material, free from concealed fouling surface sand shall be located in ventilated enclosures.
• Plumbing Cycle

  • Supply
  • Distribution
  • Use
  • Collection
  • Disposal
  • Treatment
  • Source
• AIR GAP - is the unobstructed vertical distances through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening to any pipe.
• BACK FLOW - Is the flow of water, or other liquid mixture or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water from any source, other than its intended source.
• BACK SIPHONAGE – refers to the BACK FLOW of used contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe.
• BATTERY OF FIXTURE – Refers to any group of two or more similar adjacent fixtures.
• BIB – Is synonymous with faucet, cock, tap, plug, etc.
• BLIND FLANGE – A flange that CLOSES the end of a pipe.
• BLOW OFF – A CONTROLLED OUTLET on a pipeline used to discharge water.
• BRANCH – Is ANY PART of piping system other than the main riser or stack.
• BRANCH INTERVAL – Is the LENGTH of a soil or waste stack corresponding in general to storey height, but in no case less than 2.40 meters within which the horizontal branches from one floor or storey of a building are connected to the stack.
• BRANCH VENT – Is a vent connecting one or more individual vents with a vent stack or stack vent.
• CALKING – Is PLUGGING AN OPENING with oakum, lead or other materials, that are pounded into the place or opening.
• CIRCUIT VENT – Is a branch vent that serves two or more traps, and extends from the front of the last fixture

  connection of a horizontal branch to the vent stack.
• CONTINUOUS VENT – Is a VERTICAL VENT that is a CONTINUATION of the drain to which the vents connects.
• COMBINATION WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM – Is a specially designed system of waste piping embodying the horizontal wet venting of one or more sinks or floor drains by means of common waste and vent pipe adequately sized to provide free movement of an above the flow line of the drain.
• COMMON VENT – Is a drain from TWO OR THREE FIXTURE connected to a single trap. It is also called a DUAL VENT.
• CROSS CONNECTION – Is any PHYSICAL CONNECTION between two otherwise separate piping system, one contains potable water, and the other from unknown or questionable safety, whereby, water may flow from one system to other direction flow depending on the pressure differential between two systems.
• DEAD END – Is the extended portion of a pipe that is CLOSED AT ONE END permitting the stagnation of water or air therein.
• DEVELOPED LENGTH – The Length along the center of the pipe and fitting.
• DIAMETER – Diameter of a pipe or tube refers to the NOMINAL INTERNAL DIAMETER (ID) of such pipe, except brass and copper tube where the term refers to the OUTSIDE DIAMETER (OD) of the pipe.
• DRAINAGE SYSTEM – includes, all piping within the public or private premises that conveys sewage, rainwater, or other liquid waste.
• DRY VENT – A vent that does not carry water, or water borne wastes.