Biochem Midterm Review

• What are Nucleic Acids?

  Large Biololecules
• Which is not a type of nucleic acid?

  • DNA
  • RNA
  • DRNA
  • MRNA
• Which nucleic acid carries genetic info?

  • DNA
  • RNA
• What do you call the sugar in DNA?

  Deoxyribose
• What do you call the sugar in RNA?

  Ribose
• The basic unit of heredity

  Genes
• Structure of RNA

  Single-stranded
• What do you call the process of DNA producing new copies of itself?

  Replication
• How is the base sequence of single strands?

  read the sequence in the 5′-3′ direction
• What is the structure formed when to polynucleotide chains intertwine?

  Double helix
• Term used for pairs of bases that hydrogen bond with each other.

  Complementary bases
• Which enzyme is responsible for transcription?

  RNA Polymerase
• What is the primary goal of gene therapy?

  correct gene defects
• What is the cenral dogma theory?

  DNA to RNA to protein
• What is the enzyme responsible for transcription?

  RNA polymerase
• What is the characteristic of genetic code?

  Redundant
• What causes mutation in DNA?

  Incorrect base sequences
• Refers to mutation due to exposure to environmental agents.

  Indirect mutation
• How is recombinant DNA inserted in an organism?

  microinjection
• Purpose of recombinant DNA in agriculture.

  Produce GMOs
• What are GMOs?

  Genetically modified organisms
• What is ELISA used for, what role does it play?

  detecting antibodies
• What does ELISA stand for?

  enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
• First step in recombinant technology

  Isolate gene material
• Energy source for translation during protein synthesis.

  ATP
• What does ATP stand for

  Adenosine Triphosphate
• What does DNA stand for?

  Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• Select Amino Acids based on TRNA strand: UUA UGA UGA

  Leucine and Stop
• Cytosine pairs with

  guanine
• Adenine pairs with

  Thymine
• End product of cellular respiration

  Produces ATP
• End product of glycolysis

  • pyruvate
  • pyruvic acid
• Function of cytoplasm to cell.

  Shape of cell
• Where does energy primary happen in a cell?

  Mitochondria
• Main function of glycolysis

  breakdown of glucose
• Primary source of organ energy in living organisms

  glucose
• The kreb's cycle occurs in ___

  mitochondrial matrix
• There are ___ CO2 molecules released in cytric acid cycle.

  2 CO2 molecules
• Major source of ATP production in cells.

  Oxidative posporialation
• ___ does not directly involve electron transport chains.

  Glycolysis