UCSP Reviewer (Set 1)

• WHAT IS CULTURE?

  The set of shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices that characterizes an institution or organization
• TYPES OF CULTURE

  1. Material
  2. Non-material
• CULTURAL VARIATION

  Refers to the differences in social behaviors that cultures exhibit around the world.
• WHAT IS RELEGION?

  a set of organized beliefs, practices, and systems that most often relate to the belief and worship of a controlling force, such as a personal god or another supernatural being.
• SOCIAL DIFFERENCES

  1. Sex
  2. Gender Roles
  3. Socio-economic Class
  4. Ethnicity
  5. Race
  6. Gender
• Sex - refers to the biological characteristics that distinguish a male from a female.
• Gender Roles - refers to attitudes and behaviors that the society expect a person based on his/her sex.
• Socio-economic Class - the high income, the middle income and the low-income class.
• Ethnicity - refers to the ethnic group who have common culture, language and history.
• Race - refers to the group of people who shared inherited physical characteristics such as skin color, facial features and body structure
• Gender - attributes are shaped by the economy, by religion, by culture and traditional values to which an individual belongs
• POLITICAL IDENTITIES


  refers to POLITICAL POSITION based on the interest and perspective of social groups
• GOALS OF ANTHROPOLOGY

  • Pursue a holistic understanding of what it means to be human.
  • Understand the uniqueness and diversity of human behavior and human societies around the world.
  • Discover the fundamental similarities that connect human beings throughout the world.
• GOALS OF SOCIOLOGY

  • Better understanding of humankind. Sociology allows you to gain a greater understanding of the complex and simple nature of humans and their societies.
  • Understand and cope with changes in society.
• GOALS OF POLITICS

  • Make people a better citizens
  • Keep social order and harmony among different group of people.
  • Protect the rights of an individual. Avoid conflict and promote cooperation.
• WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS OF CONCEPTS OF CULTURE?

  • Values
  • Norms
  • Language
  • Symbol
  • Religion
• Values


  Beliefs or principles that guide behavior.
• WHAT ARE NORMS?

  A STANDARD of achievement or behavior that is required, desired, or designated as normal.
• WHAT IS LANGUAGE?

  A symbolic system through which people COMMUNICATE and through which culture is transimitted.
• WHAT IS SYMBOL?

  Symbols are the BASIS OF CULTURE. A symbol is an object, word, or action that stands for something else with no natural relationship that is culturally defined.
• WHAT IS RELIGION?

  A set of ORGANIZED BELIEFS, PRACTICES, and SYSTEMS that most often relate to the belief and worship of a controlling force, such as a personal god or another supernatural being.
• CLASSIFICATION OF CULTURE

  1. Stability - stable culture & unstable culture
  2. Pattern - transmissive & dynamic
• FUNCTIONS OF CULTURE

  • Provision of education
  • Provides communication
  • Helps individual fulfill his potential as a social being
  • Acts as a social glue that helps to bind the people together
  • Serves as a trademark or special feature that distinguishes one society from one another
• Society


  A group of people living together in a definite TERRITORY, having a sense of BELONGINGNESS, mutually INTERDEPENDENT OF EACH OTHER, and FOLLOW A CERTAIN WAY OF LIFE.
• WHY DO PEOPLE LIVE TOGETHER AS A SOCIETY?

  1. Sense of belonging
  2. Survival
  3. Specializations
• COMPONENTS OF SOCIETY

  • Population
  • Organization
  • Product
  • Institution
  • Territory
  • Culture
• Population - deals with numbers. It replects the number of people in a particular area.
• Organization - a social organization is a PATTERN OF RELATIONSHIPS between and among individuals and social groups.
• Product - they refer to OBJECTS or PHYSICAL belongings of a population, which include various tangible items.
• Institution - a social institution is an INTERRELATED SYSTEM OF SOCIAL ROLES AND NORMS, organized around the satisfaction of an important social need or social function.
• Territory - a GEOGRAPHICAL AREA subject to the sovereignty, control, or jurisdiction of a state or other entity.
• Culture - a WAY OF LIFE that a whole society ascribes to, including rituals, art, attire, food, language, religion, and codes of behavior.
• ELEMENTS OF SOCIETY

  • Interdependence
  • Cooperation
  • Conflict
• FUNCTIONS OF SOCIETY

  • Satisfaction of basic needs
  • Preservation of order
  • Management of education
  • Management of the economy
  • Division of Labor
  • Communication Management
  • Preservation and transmission of culture
  • Leisure
  • Spirituality
• 3 MAJOR SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

  • Symbolic Interactionism
  • Structural Functionalism
  • Conflict Theory
• TYPES OF SOCIETY UNDER SOCILOGICAL EVOLUTION

  • Hunting and Gathering Societies - 2.5m years ago
  • Agricultural Societies - around 9,600BCE
  • Pastoral Societies - around 9,600BCE
  • Horticultural Societies - around 12,000 years ago
  • Industrial Societies - 18th century
  • Post-Industrial Societies - 19th century
• TYPES OF CIVILIZATION

  • Sumerian Civilization - Tigris and Euphrates River in West Asia
  • Indus Valley Civilization - Indus River Valley in India
  • Shang Civilization - Huang He Basin in China
  • Egyptian Civilization - Nile River in Egypt
• Anthropological Perspective focuses on the study of the full scope of human diversity and the application of that knowledge to help people of different backgrounds.
• Biblical Creation - Genesis 1:1-31. The Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and man became a living soul.
• Scientific Creation - Over the years, we've turned to both religion and science to explain where our species came from. Innovators of their time, Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace, used science to explain where humans came from, posing the theory of evolution.