PHYSIO MUSCULOSKELETAL

• rapid spread of action potential along sarcolemma; uniform contraction

  twitch muscle
• depolarization at multiple points along the muscle fiber; maintain tension

  tonic muscle
• protein-based intracellular network (microtubules and microfilaments)

  cytoskeletons
• ATP-consuming proteins that move substances (dynein and kinesin)

  motor protein
• reorganization of the cytoskeletal elements to change shapw; does not involve a motor protein

  polymerization
• use the motor protein like a lever, pulling the cytoskeleton backward

  mobile cytoskeleton
• cells can use the cytoskeleton as a track for motor proteins to move along, often carrying intracellular cargo

  mobile motor
• cells can arrange the motor proteins and cytoskeleton such that motor proteins pull the ends of the cell together

  mobile motor and cytoskeleton
• intracellular rodlike structures which control movements of subcellular components

  microtubules
• microtubule organizing center is located near the

  nucleus
• outward ends of the microtubules are anchored to

  integral proteins
• minus ends of the microtubules are located near the MTOC
• development and growth, and equal chromosome division are the roles of microtubules during

  cytokinesis
• bridge of site of synthesis to site of release are the roles of the microtubule during

  vesicle transport
• its flagellar movement is involved in sperm movement

  microtubules
• its ciliary movement is involved in respiration, digestion, and propel mucus

  microtubules
• structure that supports the long axon

  microtubules
• microtubules are polymers of the protein _

  tubulin
• _ is a dimer of a-tubulin and b-tubulin

  tubulin
• tubulin forms spontaneously
• MIcrotubules having a plus and minus end is a characteristic of

  polarity
• when a protofilament reaches _, it will start making contact side by side with other protofilaments

  critical length
• growth of microtubule involved an addition of a polymer in the _ end

  positive
• growth of microtubule involves shrinking in the _ end

  negative
• growth of microtubule is from negative to positive end
• anti-neoplastic medications

  taxanes
• polymers composed of the protein actin

  microfilament
• microfilaments often use the motor protein _

  myosin
• Microfilaments are found in all eukaryotic cells
• More common movement used by microfilaments

  sliding
• microfilament which is a rodlike extension of the cell membrane

  filopodia
• microfilament which is a sheetlike extension of the cell membrane

  lamellapodia
• microfilament found in neural connections and microvilli of digestive epithelia

  filopodia
• microfilament found in leukocytes and macrohages

  lamellopodia
• there are _ classes of myosin

  17
• structure of myosin across all isoforms include

  head, tail, neck
• the head region of the myosin functions for

  ATPase activity
• the tail region of the myosin functions for

  bind to subcellular components
• the neck region of the myosin functions for

  regulation of ATPase
• contractile cells in the body

  muscle cells