gP

• Unemployment

  The situation where a person, actively searching for employment, is unable to find work
• Effects of unemployment

  • Difficulty finding a new job
  • Limited negotiating power
  • Employment gaps
  • Physical health issues
  • Mental health issues
  • Lower life expectancy
  • Drug abuse
  • Poverty
  • Criminal activities
• Economic effects of unemployment

  • Wastage of human resources
  • Low income
  • Low saving
  • Low capital formation
  • Low living standard
  • Low labour productivity
• Solutions to unemployment

  • Better education
  • Motivation programs
  • Programs against drug addiction and homelessness ,Support programs for mental issues , subsidies and reintegrating unemployed poeple , money measure and financial crisis situation , Create jobs
• Causes of unemployment


  • Low level of education
  • Defective investment system
  • Technological progress
  • Poverty
  • Physical health problems
  • Financial crisis
  • Slow progress of economic development
• Urbanization


  The migration of people in large numbers from rural to urban areas
• Types of urbanization

  • Sub-urbanization
  • Counter urbanization
• Sub-urbanization


  • A population shift from central urban area, into suburbs, resulting in the correction of urban sprawl
• Counter urbanization

  • A demographic and social process where people move from urban areas to rural areas
• Urbanization

  • Positive impacts:
  • Convenient to population
  • Better social integration
  • Higher living standards
  • Increasing economic growth
• Urbanization

  • Negative impacts:
  • Housing
  • Health
  • Air quality
  • Water quality
  • Solid waste
• Causes of urbanization

  • Industrialization
  • Commercialization
  • Social benefits and services
  • Better employment
  • Modernalization
  • Rural-urban transformation