POCT

• Blood Collection

  • Checks the blood for pathogens for patients who have a fever unknown origin.
• Bacteremia - bacteria in blood
• Septecemia - bacteria not only in bloof but also in organs as well.
• Blood Culture

  • 20-60 ML

  • 2-4 blood culture sets placed in special bottles

  • one aerobic and one anaerobic, 39-60 minutes apart

  • best drawing time was upon thr peak of the fever because of the active bacteria
• Antiseptic used for blood culture collection:

  • Iodine or Chlorhexidine for 60 seconds
• Blue Coagulation Tube - Coagulation

  Black Coagulation Tube - Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
• Secondary Hemostasis

  • PT, aPTT, Thrombin Time
• Factor III - Tissue Thrombo Plastin

  • if rises, aPTT will be affected

  • if activated, platelets will react.
• Lower Plasma - above 55% hemarocrit values. 
• 2 Hour Postprandial Glucose

  • to check if the patient is suffering from diabetes

  • to check/monitor insulin
• 2 hours glucose intake - will come back to normal range
• OGTT - Oral Glucose Tolerance Testing
• IGTT - Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Testing
• Normal Values

  • FBS - 70-100mg/dl

  • 1hr - 145-175mg/dl

  • 2hrs - 70-100mg/dl
• Diabetic Values

  • FBS - 150mg/dl
  • 1hr - 225 mg/dl
  • 2hrs - 200-225mg/dl
• Lactose Intolerant

  • FBS - 100-150mg/dl
  • 1hr - 50-100mg/dl
• 3 Levels of  Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

  • Therapeutic Dose
  • Toxic Dose
  • Lethal Dose
• Halflife - time medication to decrease to 50%
• Therapeutic Phlebotomy

  • Drawing a large volume of blood upto 500ml
• Polycythemia - overproduction of RBC
• Hemochromatosis - excess iron deposits
• Trace Elements Test

  • Test for  presence of aluminum, arsenic, copper, lead, and iron
  • Royal Blue Top Tube
• Point of Care Testing

  • Remote Testing, Bedside Testing
• Bleeding Time

  • Measures primarily hemostasis
  • Recorded to the nearest 30 seconds
  • Normal results are ranging from 2 minutes to 8 minutes
• Normal pH Range - 7.35 to 7.45
• Hypernatremia - elevated level of sodium
• Hyponatremia - reduced level of sodium
• Special Routine Procedure - non routine laboratory tests like blood donation
• Blood Bank Sample - Blood Unit and Aliquot Sample (together with the bracelet)
• Blood bank includes;

  • ID Bracelet
  • Siemes Patient Identification (to check blood administration)
  • Blood ID Band
• Blood Transfusion

  • Screening for Hepatitis B, HIV, and Syphillis
  • Blood Type (ABO) and Rh Factor (+ and -) are determined.
• Cross-match Test - to eliminate blood related incompatibility
• Hepatitis A - acquired through ingestion

  Hepatitis B - blood born disease
• Blood Donors should be 17-66 years of age with a minimum weight of 110 lbs.
• Autologous Donation - self blood donation (especially for elective surgeries)
• Apheresis - collect blood component and returning the unwanted blood components.
• Cell Salvaging - blood is salvaged, washed and re-infused for residual free hemoglobin.