Earthquakes

• Four major layers of the earth:

  1. Inner core
  2. Outer core
  3. Mantle
  4. Crust
• Plate Boundaries - are made up of many faults, and most of the earthquakes around the world occur on these faults.
• Subduction Zones - are areas where tectonic plates converge.
• Subduction - causes a tectonic plate to slide under another and sink into the mantle because the denser oceanic crust slides beneath the lighter continental crust
• Earthquake -  is what happens when two blocks of the earth suddenly slip past one another
• Fault or Fault plane - is the surface where 2 blocks of Earth slip
• Hypocenter - The location below the surface where the earthquake starts.
• Epicenter - Location on the surface right on top of the hypocenter.
• Foreshocks - These are smaller earthquakes that happen in the same place as the larger earthquake that follows.
• Foreshocks -  Scientists can’t tell that an earthquake is a ______ until the larger earthquake happens.
• Mainshock - is called the largest main earthquake.
• Aftershocks -  These are smaller earthquakes that occur afterwards in the same place as the mainshock.
• Seismic Waves - The energy radiates outward from the fault.
• Seismographs - instruments that record vibrations from eathquakes.
• Seismogram - the recording that comes from the seismograph
• Magnitude - size of the earthquake
• Intensity - the shaking of the eartquake
• Active Faults - as any fault that is likely to have another earthquake sometime in the future. If they have moved one or more times in the last 10,000 years.
• West Valley Fault -

  1. Rodriguez (Rizal)
  2. San Mateo (Rizal)
  3. Marikina
  4. Pasig
  5. Taguig
  6. Muntinlupa
  7. San Pedro
  8. Biñan
  9. Carmona
  10. Santa Rosa
  11. Calamba
  12. Tagaytay
  13. Oriental Mindoro
• Western Philippine Fault -

  1. Luzon Sea
  2. Mindoro Strait
  3. Panay Gulf
  4. Sulu Sea
• Central Philippines Fault - Ilocos Sur, Ilocos Norte, La Union, Pangasinan, Nueva Ecija, Aurora, Quezon, Masbate, Eastern Leyte, Southern Leyte, Agusan Del Norte, Agusan del Sur, Davao del Norte, Davao Oriental
• Eastern Philippine Fault -

  1. Philippine Sea
• South of Mindanao Fault -

  1. Moro Gulf
  2. Celebes Sea
• Active Faults in the Philippines -

  1. West and West Valley Fault
  2. Western Philippine Fault
  3. Central Philippines Fault
  4. Easter Philippines Fault
  5. South of Mindanao Fault