Contemp Midterm

• Global Divides


  The North and the South
• Since the process of globalization is uneven, it follows that there is an imbalance in the socio-economic and political categories of the world
• Overseas Filipino workers (OFWs)


  • In Europe, Australia, and America
  • See big difference between living in the Philippines and Western countries
  • Some come home as "one-day millionaires" giving out presents
  • Incomes relatively higher than in the Philippines
  • Life is still tough despite remittances and taxes
• Global South


  A metaphor for interstate inequality and a product of Western imagination
• Historically, there had been divisions and labeling among the different nations of the world
• Countries colonized by the Spaniards in the southern part of the American continent


  • Collectively called Latin America
• By virtue of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, the newly discovered lands outside Europe were divided into two-the West belonging to the Crown of Castile (now part of Spain) and the East belonging to the Portuguese Empire
• Divisions based on labor

  • Core
  • Semi-periphery
  • Peripheries
• Global South


  Refers to the socio-economic and political divide primarily focused on the southern hemisphere of the 1569-designed Mercatorian map, consisting of Africa, Latin America, and Asia including the Middle East
• The Global South consists of nation-states that are deemed to be not aligned with nation-states located in the northern hemisphere that adhere to fair labor practices, rights, free trade, reduced tariffs, and policies on sustainable development
• Global South


  Connotes developing countries as opposed to rich, industrialized, and wealthy nations
• Global North


  The home of all members of the Group of Eight (G8)-Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, Russia, and the United States of America, and the four powerful permanent members of the United Nations Security Council, as well as the developed countries in Asia, Australia, and New Zealand
• The Global South "continues to be imagined and re-imagined by those who dominate it"
• Although usually associated with developing nations, the Global South is also found in developed countries
• Evidence that people from developed countries also share similar experiences with people from developing countries

  • Economically poor families
  • Underprivileged individuals
  • Unfair labor practices
  • Suppression of human rights
  • Violations of basic rights
• A trip to the cosmopolitan metropolis of Metro Manila by someone from Tupi, South Cotabato


  • High standard of living
  • Availability of better transport system
  • Prevalence of banking and financial institutions
  • Presence of big commercial establishments
  • Centrality of the national government
• The Global North is also relatively experienced within the geographical boundaries of the Global South
• Third World


  Antecedent of Global South
• The term Third World ceased to exist when the Cold War ended
• World categorization based on economic ideology

  • Western capitalism
  • Soviet Union's socialism
• Capitalist economies


  Sustain consumer choice, private property, and economic freedom
• Socialist economies

  Characterized by state control of the means of production, distribution, and exchange
• Capitalist economies were considered First World and socialist economies
• Second World

  Countries that did not belong to either capitalist or socialist formal economies
• Third World


  Former colonies of European countries, countries that were neither capitalist nor socialist, impoverished and non-industrialized or newly industrialized countries
• Third World country


  • India
  • Philippines
• The term Third World was initially used to refer to the former colonies of European countries
• India was considered a Third World country as it was a colony of the United Kingdom
• The Philippines was classified as Third World
• The term Third World was also used to refer to countries that were neither capitalist nor socialist
• Since many countries were impoverished, the term Third World was also used to refer to the poor world
• These Third World countries were considered to be non-industrialized and newly industrialized, and lacked the standard systems in banking, finance, and trade
• It is outdated to say that countries in Southeast Asia belong to the Third World for the term has ended its usage after the Cold War
• Global South


  Countries that may have been previously classified as Third World
• Some citizens of countries in the Global South experience the Global North within their territories
• China


  Home of more than 1.4 billion people based on the 2018 population projection of the United Nations
• China is becoming one of the economic super giants of the world
• Japan


  After the Second World War, was able to adapt its policies to the dictates of the West and consequently incorporated itself to the global economy
• Singapore


  Has become one of the emerging centers of different cultures and has turned itself into a great cosmopolitan city-state
• All these countries belong to the continent of Asia, a term that originated from the West, particularly from Ancient Greece