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• Ecology —the interactions scientific study of between different organisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings
• Components: -Biotic (Living) -Abiotic (Non-living)
• Biotic —living factors that influence an ecosystem
• Abiotic —non-living factors that influence an ecosystem
• Autotrophic- makes their own food
• Heterotrophric- require another organism
• Saprotrophic Nutrition- dead and decaying matter
• parasitic nutrition- obtains nutrients from living organism
• Holozoic- ingesting solid organic matter
• 1st law – Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed into another type
• 2nd law – there is no 100% efficiency in the transformation of energy as a portion of energy will be transformed into unavailable form which is heat.
• leafy vegetables are rich in cellulose
• food web - interaction between consumer and producer
• food web - composed of several food chain
• food chain - relationship is linera
• Trophic Levels —each step in a food chain or food web
• Level 1 —Producers (autotrophs)
• Level 2 —Primary Consumers (herbivores)
• Level 3 —Secondary Consumers (carnivores or omnivores)
• Level 4 —Tertiary Consumers (carnivore—usually top carnivore)
• energy is flowing
• nutrient is cyclic
• biomass - the amount of biological material
• biological magnification - Toxins concentrate at higher trophic levels because at these levels biomass tendsto be lower
• habitat - area where an organism live
• niche - organism role in its environment
• mutualism - both benefits
• parasitism - one benefits one suffer
• commensalism - one benefit no harm
• competition - species vying for resources
• ammensalism - one na harm ang usa no effect (opposite sa commensalism)
• predation - usa kay kan on sa laing nga organism
• grazing - about grass
• Biome - A climatically and geographically contiguous area with similar climatic conditions
• Polar - Arctic (north), Antartic (south) animals: polar bears, penguins, walrus
• Tundra -permafrost
• Taiga -Coniferous forest dominated by cone-bearing trees such as spruce, fir and pine
• Temperate - moderate climate and relatively high rainfall - Dominated by Deciduous trees such as oak, beech and maple
• Tropical Rain Forest -highest degree of biodiversity - Philippine lowland forest: Dipterocarp trees
• Grassland -dominated by grasses, US: Prairie -Dry grassland and shrubs: Chapparal -Mongolia: Steppe -Africa: Savanna