Mouth

Cards (60)

  • Lips
    o Muscular folds that surround the mouth
    o Contain sensory receptors and are very sensitive
    o Lips assist with eating, expression, and speech
  • Teeth
    o 20 deciduous, 32 permanent
    o Needed for chewing
    o Also have esthetic value
  • DECIDUOUS
    - primary, milk, temporary or baby teeth
  • PERMANENT
    - 28 if molars did not erupt
  • Tongue
    o Muscle controlled by CN XII - hypoglossal
    o Needed for chewing, swallowing, and speech
    o Sensory (taste) CN VII and CN IX (facial & glossopharyngeal)
  • Hard Palate
    Forms the floor of the nasal cavity
  • Soft Palate

    o Posterior to hard palate

    o Elevates during swallowing to prevent food and saliva from entering the nasopharynx
  • Uvula
    o Fleshy conelike structure in the center of the soft palate

    o Prevents food from entering nasal passages
  • Salivary Glands
    o Secrete saliva which contains amylase to convert starch to maltose
    o 3 major salivary glands (produce saliva)
    Parotid gland
    Submandibular gland
    Sublingual gland

    o Helps in digestion

    o Oral health

    o In the absence of saliva we cannot taste the food we eat
  • Pallor
    Anemia
  • Redness
    Inflammatory or infectious disorder
  • Cyanosis
    Vasoconstriction or hypoxia
  • Lesions
    Infectious or inflammatory disorder
  • Cheilitis
    • inflammation of lips
    • drying, and cracking
    • Dehydration
    • Allergy
    • lip licking
  • Cheilosis
    • fissures at corners of lips
    • Deficiency of B vitamins
    • maceration related to overclosure
  • Halitosis
    • Infections or gastrointestinal problems.
    • Poor oral hygiene
  • Chancre
    Single, painless ulcer of primary syphilis
  • Angioedema
    Allergic response based on client's allergic stimulus
  • Herpes simplex
    Herpes viral infection
  • Malalignment
    ▪ early loss of baby or adult teeth
    ▪ improper fit of dental restorations
    ▪ gingivitis
    ▪ undue pressure on the teeth and gums
    ▪ misalignment of the jaw after an injury
    ▪ tumors of the mouth or jaw
    ▪ common oral health problems in children
  • Dental caries
    caused by the action of acids on the enamel surface
  • Discoloration of teeth
    ▪ Chemicals or medications

    o Mottled enamel
  • Gum hyperplasia / Gingival hyperplasia
    ▪ can occur as a direct result of inflammation
    ▪ often caused by plaque buildup on the teeth from food, bacteria, and poor hygiene practices
    ▪ The inflammation can make the gums tender and red, and it can trigger bleeding
  • Gum recession
    ▪ Poor dental hygiene or vitamin deficiency

    ▪ Aggressive tooth brushing

    ▪ Hormonal changes
  • Pale or gray gingivae
    Chronic gingivitis
  • Abrasions, erosion of underlying mucosa

    ▪ poorly fitted dentures

    o Inflamed, bleeding gingivae
  • Allergic stomatitis
    Reddened, inflamed oral mucosa, sometimes accompanied by ulcerations
  • Aphthous ulcer
    Benign and non - contagious
  • Cancers
    ▪ found on the lips, gums, oral mucosa or other areas of the mouth
    ▪ associated with tobacco use and alcohol abuse
  • Leukoplakia
    ▪ White, adherent mucosal thickening
    ▪ Smoking is the most common cause
  • Absence of Papillae
    reddened mucosa, ulcerations
    ▪ Allergic, inflammatory, or infectious cause
  • Glossitis
    occurs when the tongue becomes inflamed, due to infections, allergic reactions, and injuries, among other causes
  • Color changes
    ▪ May indicate underlying problems
    ▪ red beefy tongue
  • Black, hairy tongue
    ▪ due to antibiotic use for a medical condition
    ▪ by using products that contain bismuth
  • Hypertrophy and discoloration of papillae
    Poor oral hygiene
    Dry mouth
    Dehydration
    Smoking or other oral tobacco use
  • Postnasal drainage
    ▪ Yellowish or green streaks of drainage on the posterior wall
    ▪ The example is an acute sinusitis with post nasal drip
  • Gray membrane / adherent material
    Pharyngeal Diphtheria
  • White or pale patches of exudates with erythemic mucosa
    Infection, including streptococcal bacterial infection or mononucleosis viral infection
  • Exudative pharyngitis
    associated with Gonorrhea and chlamydia, sore throat
  • Erythema
    ▪ Inflammatory response, typically associated with infectious pharyngitis
    ▪ also common in smokers