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HEALTH ASSESSMENT
Mouth
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Lips
o Muscular folds that surround the mouth
o Contain sensory receptors and are very sensitive
o Lips assist with eating, expression, and speech
Teeth
o
20
deciduous,
32
permanent
o Needed for chewing
o Also have esthetic value
DECIDUOUS
- primary, milk, temporary or baby teeth
PERMANENT
-
28
if molars did not erupt
Tongue
o Muscle controlled by CN
XII
- hypoglossal
o Needed for chewing, swallowing, and speech
o Sensory (taste) CN VII and CN IX (
facial
&
glossopharyngeal)
Hard Palate
Forms the floor of the nasal cavity
Soft
Palate
o Posterior to hard palate
o Elevates during swallowing to prevent food and saliva from entering the nasopharynx
Uvula
o Fleshy conelike structure in the center of the soft palate
o Prevents food from entering nasal passages
Salivary Glands
o Secrete saliva which contains amylase to convert starch to maltose
o 3 major salivary glands (produce saliva)
▪
Parotid
gland
▪
Submandibular
gland
▪
Sublingual
gland
o Helps in digestion
o Oral health
o In the absence of saliva we cannot taste the food we eat
Pallor
Anemia
Redness
Inflammatory or infectious disorder
Cyanosis
Vasoconstriction or hypoxia
Lesions
Infectious
or
inflammatory
disorder
Cheilitis
• inflammation of lips
• drying, and cracking
• Dehydration
• Allergy
• lip licking
Cheilosis
• fissures at corners of lips
• Deficiency of B vitamins
• maceration related to overclosure
Halitosis
• Infections or gastrointestinal problems.
• Poor oral hygiene
Chancre
Single, painless ulcer of primary syphilis
Angioedema
Allergic response based on client's allergic stimulus
Herpes simplex
Herpes viral infection
Malalignment
▪ early loss of baby or adult teeth
▪ improper fit of dental restorations
▪ gingivitis
▪ undue pressure on the teeth and gums
▪ misalignment of the jaw after an injury
▪ tumors of the mouth or jaw
▪ common oral health problems in children
Dental caries
caused by the action of acids on the enamel surface
Discoloration
of
teeth
▪ Chemicals or medications
o Mottled enamel
Gum hyperplasia
/
Gingival hyperplasia
▪ can occur as a direct result of inflammation
▪ often caused by plaque buildup on the teeth from food, bacteria, and poor hygiene practices
▪ The inflammation can make the gums tender and red, and it can trigger bleeding
Gum recession
▪ Poor dental hygiene or vitamin deficiency
▪ Aggressive tooth brushing
▪ Hormonal changes
Pale or gray gingivae
Chronic gingivitis
Abrasions,
erosion
of underlying mucosa
▪ poorly fitted dentures
o Inflamed, bleeding gingivae
Allergic stomatitis
Reddened, inflamed oral mucosa, sometimes accompanied by ulcerations
Aphthous ulcer
Benign and non - contagious
Cancers
▪ found on the lips, gums, oral mucosa or other areas of the mouth
▪ associated with tobacco use and alcohol abuse
Leukoplakia
▪ White, adherent mucosal thickening
▪ Smoking is the most common cause
Absence of
Papillae
▪
reddened mucosa
,
ulcerations
▪ Allergic, inflammatory, or
infectious cause
Glossitis
occurs when the tongue becomes inflamed, due to infections, allergic reactions, and injuries, among other causes
Color changes
▪ May indicate underlying problems
▪ red beefy tongue
Black
,
hairy tongue
▪ due to antibiotic use for a medical condition
▪ by using products that contain bismuth
Hypertrophy and discoloration of papillae
▪
Poor oral hygiene
▪
Dry mouth
▪
Dehydration
▪
Smoking
or other oral tobacco use
Postnasal drainage
▪ Yellowish or green streaks of drainage on the posterior wall
▪ The example is an acute sinusitis with post nasal drip
Gray membrane / adherent material
Pharyngeal Diphtheria
White or pale patches of exudates with
erythemic
mucosa
Infection
, including streptococcal bacterial infection or
mononucleosis viral
infection
Exudative pharyngitis
associated with Gonorrhea and chlamydia, sore throat
Erythema
▪ Inflammatory response, typically associated with infectious pharyngitis
▪ also common in smokers
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