ENDOCRINE & NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Endocrine System


  Instrumental in regulating our mood, tissue function, metabolism and growth and development
• Hormones


  Bound by specific receptors on their target cells
• Endogenous Substance


  Produce within the body
• Exogenous Substance


  Produce outside the body
• Types of Hormones


  • Lipid Hormones
  • Peptide Hormones
  • Glycoprotein Hormones
  • Amine Hormones
• Lipid Hormones


  • Derived from fatty acids
• Peptide Hormones


  • Short chains of amino acids
• Glycoprotein Hormones


  • Complex proteins bearing carbohydrates side chain
• Amine Hormones


  • Derivatives of Amino acid
• Major Glands


  • Pituitary Gland
  • Thyroid Gland
  • Parathyroid Gland
  • Adrenal
  • Pancreas
• Pituitary Gland


  Master Gland located at the base of the brain beneath the hypothalamus
• Anterior Lobe


  • Regulates activity of thyroid
• Posterior Lobe


  • Regulate function of kidneys and uterus
• Endorphins


  Control and regulate pains
• Thyroid Gland


  Control the rate at which cells burn body fuels from food to produce energy
• Parathyroid


  Hormone and calcitonin
• Adrenals


  Located at the top of the kidney/ Adrenaline rush
• Pancreas


  Located at the back of the stomach below the liver
• Functions of Pancreas


  • Exocrine (Digestive Enzymes)
  • Endocrine (Has alpha and beta cells, insulin and glucagon)
• Nervous System


  Our body's electrical communication network
• Impulses


  Also known as electrical signals
• Main Functions of Nervous System


  • Sensory Input
  • Integration
  • Motor Output
• Sensory Input


  Sensory receptors (specialized neurons) collect information from the entire body
• Integration


  Synthesis, CNS collects or interprets the input that gets in sensory input
• Motor Output


  Response, Interpret impulses and send out PNS
• Categories of Nervous Tissue

  • Neurons
  • Neuroglial Cells
• Neurons


  Individual cell, basic unit of the nervous system
• Parts of a Neuron

  • Cell Body
  • Dendrites
  • Axon
• Cell Body


  Generic Cell, compose of nucleus mitochondria and other organelles
• Dendrites


  Extension from one end of the cell body
• Axon


  Passage way of the impulse
• Types of Neurons

  • Sensory Neuron
  • Inter Neuron
  • Motor Neuron
• Sensory Neuron


  Afferent neuron meaning moving toward
• Inter Neuron


  Associate neuron, this connects neuron to other neurons
• Motor Neuron


  Efferent neuron meaning moving away, play the role in movement including voluntary and involuntary movements
• Neuroglial Cells


  Support to our neurons
• Nerves


  Can only find in PNS
• Nerve Fiber


  Bundle of peripheral axon individual axon plus myalin sheath