Hum lesson 8

• Notable poets - Classical Period

  • Virgil
  • Horace
• Notable writer - Classical Period

  • Homer
• Tragedian playwrights - Classical Period

  • Aeschylus
  • Euripides
  • Sophocles
• Greek Philosophers - Classical Period

  • Plato
  • Socrates
  • Aristotle
• Aeschylus


  Father of tragedy
• Epic of Gilgamesh


  Very first written work of literature (oldest)
• Ramayana


  Rama & Sita (written by Valmiki)
• Indian Scriptures


  Historical text or called itihasa, Hindu way of beliefs
• Mahabharata


  Longest epic
• The Iliad and The Odyssey


  Written by Homer
• Aristotle Poetics


  The goal of literature is catharsis or purgation—the cleansing of one's emotion as an effect of the consumption of art and literature
• Greek


  Influence Roman
• Roman


  Second to Greek, more disciplined and religious than Greek
• Medieval Period (Dark Ages)


  Comes after the fall of the Roman Empire
• Feudalism


  All belongings were owned by the Lords
• Beowulf


  Epic poem, important piece of Anglo-Saxon (old English) literature
• Categories of Anglo-Saxon


  • Religion
  • Poetry
  • 
    
• Romantic Tropes


  Saving a damsel in distress (e.g. Pride and Prejudice)
• Renaissance Period (Rebirth)


  Goal is to reestablish the standards set in the Classical Period
• Printing Press


  Allowed literature and information to be available to the masses
• Nicholas Copernicus


  Heliocentric model
• Renaissance Period


  People valued human dignity and explored human worth (e.g. Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy)
• Gutenberg Press


  Very first printing press, when literature started to be regarded as an art form
• Humanism


  Explores human dignity and human worth (e.g. hierarchy of needs)
• Notable Writers - Renaissance Period


  • John Milton
  • Christopher Marlowe
  • William Shakespeare
• Enlightenment Period (Age of Reason)


  Marked by pursuits in different fields of science, mathematics, astronomy, physics, medicine, philosophy, and politics
• Contributors in Mathematics and Science - Enlightenment Period

  • René Descartes
  • Galileo Galilei
  • Johannes Kepler
• John Locke


  Tabula rasa - scraped table, who thought the idea of "empty mind" saying that we attain knowledge through experience
• Thomas Hobbes


  "Life is a war against all", Leviathan - survival of the fittest
• In the 16th century, prose narrative was slowly replacing epic poems
• Novels also paved this era (Enlightenment Period)
• Don Quixote


  By Miguel de Cervantes, a satirical novel about Chivalry, the first European novel
• Robinson Crusoe


  A fictional autobiography by Daniel Defoe
• Romantic Period (Age of Prison)


  Rejects rationalization of Enlightenment Period, emphasizes emotions or individualism, rejects conformity and emphasizes individuality
• Romanticism


  Literary movement that emphasizes the idea of beauty, emotion, subjectivity, and imagination
• Poems centered on nature and its inherent beauty such as innocence and youthfulness (themes)
• Notable Poets - Romantic Period


  • Robert Burns
  • John Keats
  • Percy Bysshe Shelley
  • William Blake
• Mary Shelley


  Established the gothic novel 'Frankenstein'
• Edgar Allan Poe


  Father of gothic literature
• Victorian Period (Age of Industrial Revolution)


  Named after Queen Victoria, ruler of England from 1837-1901, paved the way to technological advances and the expansion of British territories, focused on the improvement of manual labour into technology, invented the gun, people were conservative, earnest and gave importance to manners and morality