Changes DNA structure by decreasing acetylation of histones, causing them to bind DNA more tightly and preventing transcriptional factors from accessing DNA
In more complex organisms, the presence of non-coding DNA and of regulatory genes means that knowledge of the genome cannot easily be translated into the proteome
Comparing genomes of individuals enables differences to be identified which can then be used for development of personalised medicine and studies of human diseases
Potential applications of the Human Genome Project include screening for mutated sequences, carriers and pre-implantation screening, as well as screening for disorders such as Huntington's disease before the symptoms appear
There are many ethical concerns regarding the Human Genome Project, such as people being discriminated against as well as regarding the misuse and ownership of the genetic information