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• Map


  A flat representation of the earth that provides information about the world, including the sizes, shapes, and absolute locations of countries, as well as the physical characteristics of the earth
• Cartographer


  A person who makes a map
• Types of maps


  • Political map
  • Physical map
  • Climate map
  • Economic map
• Political map


  • Shows the territorial boundaries of a country and the water forms that surround it, as well as towns, cities, and national highways
• Physical map


  • Shows the particular landforms and water forms present in a place, such as rivers, mountains, and mountain ranges
• Climate map


  • Shows the types of climate that prevail in a certain place
• Economic map


  • Shows the type, amount, and distribution of the natural resources of a place
• Legend


  An explanation of the symbols used in a map
• Scale


  A proportional measurement in the map which shows the extent and distance of a place against its actual size and distance
• Primary directions


  North, South, East, West
• Secondary directions


  Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, Southwest
• Parallel (Parallel)


  Horizontal lines that run east to west around the earth, used to determine the distance of a place from the equator
• Longitude (Meridian)


  Vertical lines that run from north pole to the south pole, used to determine the distance of a place from the prime meridian
• Prime Meridian


  Located at zero degree longitude (0°) and measures 180°, divides the world between the Western Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere
• The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a system that gives information on location, time, weather, and other information from the satellites in outer space
• A GPS Receiver has the ability to identify the exact location, speed, time and direction of one object in real time
• GPS is widely used in international travel, world navigation, science, and commerce
• GPS


  Provides the exact location, speed, time and direction of one object in real time
• Most of the smartphones today have GPS receivers
• Imaginary lines


  Lines on a map that don't really exist in real life, but were created for people to easily identify the exact locations, shapes, sizes, and measurements of places
• Parallel (Parallel) lines


  • Horizontal lines that run east to west around the earth, used to determine the distance of a place from the equator
• Longitude (Meridian) lines


  • Vertical lines that run from north pole to the south pole, used to determine the distance of a place from the prime meridian
• Prime Meridian


  • Located at zero degree longitude (0°) and measures 180°, divides the world between the Western Hemisphere and the Eastern Hemisphere, useful to identify if a place is situated east or west
• Equator


  • A parallel line that measures 360° which can be found at zero degree latitude, divides the world between the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere
• Tropic of Cancer


  • The parallel that is located at 23 1/2 north of the equator, the northernmost boundary of the vertical rays of the sun
• Tropic of Capricorn


  • The parallel that is 23 1/2 south of the equator, the southernmost boundary of the vertical rays of the sun
• Arctic Circle


  • The parallel line located at 66 1/2 north of the equator, the northernmost boundary of the slanting rays of the sun
• Antarctic Circle


  • The parallel at 66 1/2 south of the equator, the southernmost boundary of the slanting rays of the sun
• Grid


  Composed of the combination of the latitudes and longitudes, used to determine the exact location of a place
• The climate of a country is determined by its location in the latitude
• Countries in between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn experience tropical climate because they receive direct heat from the sun
• Countries in between 23 1/2 to 66 2° North and 23 12° to 66 12° South of the equator experience four seasons- spring, winter, fall, and summer
• Absolute location


  The exact location of a place on earth, based on its latitude and longitude
• Relative location


  The location of a place on the earth's surface determined by identifying its land boundaries and surrounding bodies of water
• The Philippines is located in Southeast Asia, its geographical extend ranges from 4°23' and 21°25' North latitude and 116°00' and 127°00' east longitude
• The relative location of the Philippines can be described by stating that Bashi Channel and Taiwan are located North of the country; the South China Sea and Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam are located West; Borneo, on the Southwest; the Celebes Sea and the Sulawesi Island on the south; and the Pacific Ocean on the east
• Elements of a map

  • North, South, East, and West
  • Legend
  • Graphical representation of a place
  • Prime Meridian
  • Equator
  • Relative location
  • Political map
  • Map legend
  • Grid
  • Scale
• Countries in the North and South Hemispheres


  Identified by longitude and latitude
• Countries in the West and East Hemispheres


  Identified by longitude and latitude
• Bodies of water and countries surrounding the Philippines


  Identified using primary and secondary directions