Structure

• Impact sentence


  Contains only a few words, adds effect
• Repetition


  A word or phrase repeated for effect
• Listing

  A number of connected words written one after the other to show importance
• Juxtaposition


  Two things placed together for contrast
• Anaphora


  The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of sentences
• Links between paragraphs

  A recurring idea/character in paragraphs to emphasise its importance
• Shifts in focus


  The change of focus in or between paragraphs
• Zooming in and out


  Narrowing or widening the narrative focus
• Chronological structure

  Arranged in time order
• Flashback/forward

  Set earlier or later than the main narrative
• Cyclical structure

  When the narrative concludes with a return to its starting point, creating a sense of closure and circularity
• Climax


  The most intense point in the narrative
• Narrative voice


  1st/2nd/3rd person
• Foreshadow

  A hint of what comes later in the narrative
• Punctuation


  E.g. ellipsis, exclamation mark, question mark, dash
• Direct address


  Makes the reader feel more involved as if the author is talking to them
• Statistics

  Facts/figures that make the text seem authoritive and believable