bio final

• Bacteria can be BOTH harmful and helpful
• Pathogenic bacteria


  An organism causing disease to its host
• Some bacteria can produce poisons (toxins) that result in fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhea or destroy body tissue
• Helpful bacteria


  Most bacteria are harmless, some are even helpful
• Helpful bacteria


  • Lactobacillus - makes cheese, yogurt, buttermilk
  • Produces vitamins in your intestine
• Helpful bacteria


  • Leuconostoc - makes pickle and sauerkraut
  • Pediococcus - makes pepperoni, salami, sausage
• Autotrophic bacteria


  • Utilize sunlight to produce their food (photosynthesis)
  • Can synthesize organic compounds using energy derived from the oxidation of organic or inorganic materials (chemosynthesis)
• Heterotrophic bacteria


  Obtain nutrients from the environment or other bacteria
• Enzymes


  • Proteins that function as biological catalysts
  • Each enzyme speeds up only one reaction
• There are hundreds of different enzymes
• Prokaryotic, unicelluar arganisms can be found almost everywhere on Earth and are vital to the planets ecosustoms
• Fungus Is the largest microorganism that includes yeast, molds as well

  as the familiar mushroom
• Enzymes catalyze reactions as weakening chemical bands which lowers activation energy
• The enzyme works by binding a specific chemical reactant (substrate) to its active site, causing the substrate to become unstable and react.
• Archaebacteria lives in most extreme environments(extermophiles)
• Eubacteria-most of the common encountered bacteria.
• Factors that influence enzyme activity are temperature, pH, cofactors, coenzymes, and Inhibitors
• chemosynthesis: bacteria can synthesize organic compounds, using energy deprived from the oxidaton of organic inorganic materials without the aid a light
• photosynthesis: plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen
• photoautotrophs: organisms that obtain their energy through photosynthesis
• chemoautotrophs: organisms that obtain their energy through the oxidation of inorganic molecules