Unit 3

• Republican motherhood was the idea that women were responsible for raising responsible citizens.
• The Federalist papers were a series of essays anonymously published defending the Constitution to the public.
• Suffrage is the right to vote.
• Manumission is release from slavery.
• Federalists supported the Constitution. They wanted centralized power.
• Anti-federalists did not support the Constitution. They wanted state power.
• 3/5 Compromise decided how slaves would be counted in the population. 3/5s would count as population, the rest as property.
• The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement which focused on government, individual rights, and logic.
• Thomas Paine was a writer who wrote pamphlets supporting American Independence, such as Common Sense.
• Sons of Liberty were a group of Patriots who started in opposition to the Stamp Act. They supported Independence through petitions, boycotts and sometimes violence.
• French Indian War, British were losing initially but then called Congress to plan a more organized front.
• Albany Plan of Union was created by Benjamin Franklin, it was a plan to make the colonies more centralized and raise money for troops during French Indian War. It was rejected due to the taxation required. Laid groundwork for Revolutionary Congress.
• Pontiac's Rebellion was a Native American rebellion lead by Pontiac when he heard about the new land arrangement after the French Indian War.
• Proclamation of 1763 forbade colonists from taking land in the Ohio River valley. This enraged colonists.
• French Indian War caused Britain to levy new taxes against colonists.
• Salutary neglect was Britain ignoring the colonists breaking laws. When it was ended, colonists were angered.
• Navigation Acts were more strongly enforced after French Indian War.
• Quartering Act of 1765: required colonies to house and feed British soldiers in their homes.
• Sugar Act imposed taxes on wine, coffee, and other luxury items and began enforcing a preexisting tax on molasses.
• Stamp Act 1765 imposed a tax on all paper items, this is what really made the taxation debate heat up.
• Virtual representation was the idea that Parliament members represented all classes of citizens, not necessarily all places, so colonists didn't need representation.
• Stamp Act Congress, 27 delegates from 9 colonies assembled in New York and created a petition to end the Stamp Act.
• Stamp Act and Sugar Act were repealed after protests in colonies, threats against tax collectors, and petition from Stamp Act Congress.
• Declaratory Act declared that Britain had the right to pass any law they wanted in the colonies.
• Townshend Acts passed in 1767, new taxes on items imported to colonies, like tea, paper, and glass.
• Colonists boycotted British goods taxed by Townshend Act, relied on women to manufacture them instead.
• Boston Massacre was a riot in Boston in 1770 where 11 colonists were injured and 4 were dead after harassing British soldiers.
• Tea Act of 1773 gave British East India Company exclusive rights to buy and ship tea in the colonies.
• Boston Tea Party was a response to Tea Act, 50 colonists disguised as Native Americans dumped 45 tonnes of tea into the Boston Harbor.
• Coercive Acts closed Boston Harbor until all tea was paid for and a new Quartering Act was passed. Together they are the Intolerable Acts.
• Patriots were against British tyranny, and eventually for American Independence.
• Continental Congress of 1774, leaders from colonies gathered and agreed to resist British tyranny (not yet wanting to be independent).
• 1776, Lexington and Concord, first shots were fired, turning point for independence.
• Republicanism was a form of government which the colonies wanted. An elected leader and elected representatives lead a limited government.
• Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776.
• Loyalists did not want to separate from Britain.
• Continental Army was led by George Washington and assembled by the Continental Congress.
• George Washington was the General of the Continental Army and was the first president.
• Battle of Saratoga in 1777, Americans crushed the British, convinced France to support America.
• Battle of Yorktown in 1781 was the end of the war as the British surrendered.