solid waste

• Trash


  Any material which has no value or use
• Garbage


  Decomposable wastes from food
• Rubbish


  Non-decomposable wastes, either combustible or non-combustible
• Solid Waste


  Non-liquid waste material arising from domestic, trade, commercial, industrial, mining activities. Includes sludge from industrial sources and sewage treatment plants, and wastes arising from public services
• Solid Wastes are all the discarded solid materials from municipal, industrial, and agricultural activities
• Solid Waste Management (SWM)


  All activities pertaining to the control, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid wastes in accordance with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetic and other environmental considerations
• Waste Generation


  The act or process of producing solid waste, with aspects of quality (sources, types, composition, properties) and quantity (generation rates, total quantities and volumes)
• Categories of Solid Wastes (WACS) as approved by NSWMC

  • Biodegradables
  • Recyclables
  • Residual
  • Special Waste
  • Bulky Waste
• Biodegradables


  • Kitchen Wastes
  • Garden Wastes
  • Agricultural Wastes
  • Livestock Wastes
• Recyclables


  • Papers
  • Plastics
  • Glass
  • Metals
• 7 Kinds of Plastic (Plastic Resin Identification Codes)


  • Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE or PET)
  • High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
  • Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
  • Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
  • Polypropylene (PP)
  • Polystyrene (PS)
  • Other
• 3 Kinds of Glass

  • Bottles
  • Flat Glass
  • Cullets
• 4 Kinds of Metal

  • Aluminum
  • Copper
  • Steel
  • Tin
• Special Waste


  • Hazardous
  • Flammable
  • Toxic
  • Radioactive
• Types of Solid Wastes (According to Land Use/Predominant Human Activities)

  • Household Wastes
  • Commercial-industrial wastes
  • Farm and Agricultural Wastes
  • Institutional Wastes
  • Miscellaneous and Specialized Wastes
• Miscellaneous and Specialized Wastes

  • Residues of sewage plants
  • Ash from incinerators and residues from solid fuels
  • Street sweepings debris caused by disasters
  • Large wastes
  • Dead animals
  • Mining Wastes
  • Hazardous Wastes
• Hazardous Wastes


  Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, any part of the territory of the Philippines
• Non-hazardous Wastes


  Substances safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically that are shipped, transported to or brought from the country of origin for dumping or disposal in, or in transit through, any part of the territory of the Philippines
• Handling


  Activities associated with managing solid wastes until they are placed in the containers used for their storage before collection or return to drop-off and recycling centers
• Storage


  The interim containment of solid wastes after generation and prior to collection for ultimate recovery or disposal
• Different Types of Containers


  • Paper or plastic bags
  • Empty fuel drums and similar containers
  • Plastic containers with lids
  • Wicker baskets or baskets made of indigenous materials
  • Other containers: sacks, cardboard boxes, net bags, grocery bags
  • Communal storage containers: drums, enclosures made of timber, steel blocks, concrete, etc.
• Qualities of a Good Storage Container


  • Very little space is wasted, and storage place is maximized
  • Storage container is movable
  • Storage container is leak-proof
  • Pests, vermin, and scavenging animals cannot get into the stored waste
  • Light and easy to lift when filled. Has adequate handles
  • Can withstand chemicals, abrasives, and corrosives
  • Can withstand bumps and stresses from being thrown about
  • Attractive and aesthetically designed
  • Has a stable base that makes it difficult to knock-over
  • Has enough space for normal household waste outputs
  • Highly affordable
  • Easy to clean, repair and maintain
• Requirements for A Good On-Site Storage System

  • It must isolate wastes from the environment to avoid creating health hazards
  • It must be aesthetically acceptable
  • It must facilitate collection
• Segregation at source or Source separation


  A solid waste management practice of separating, at the point of origin, different materials found in solid waste in order to promote recycling and re-use of resources and to reduce the volume of waste for collection and disposal
• Collection


  The act of removing solid waste from the source or from a communal storage point
• Types of Collection Services

  • Curbed service
  • Set-out-set-back service
  • Set-out service
• According to RA 9003, the barangay shall be responsible for ensuring that a 100% collection efficiency from residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural sources, where necessary within its area of coverage, is achieved
• Transfer & Transport


  Transfer station facilities are utilize to receive solid wastes, temporarily store, separate, convert, or otherwise process the materials in the solid wastes, or to transfer the solid wastes directly from smaller to larger,long-distance hauling vehicles for transport
• Processing & Recovery


  On-site processing is meant to reduce the volume of waste material. Resources recovery is the collection, extraction or recovery of recyclable materials from the waste stream for the purpose of reusing,recycling, or generating energy or producing a product suitable for beneficial use
• Commonly used processing operations

  • Baling
  • Shredding
  • Hydro-pulping
  • Compaction
  • Composting
  • Incineration
• Republic Act 9003 prohibits incineration of solid wastes
• Materials Recovery Facility


  A solid waste transfer station or sorting station, drop-off center, a composting facility, and a recycling facility
• Materials for Reutilization include iron and metal for melting down for the manufacture of new products
• Burning of wastes is a violation of Ecological Solid Waste Management Act or RA 9003. Any violators of RA 9003 shall be subjected to criminal proceedings.
• Under the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act or R.A. 9003 and the R.A. 8749 or the Clean Air Act, it prohibits and penalizes open burning defined "as the thermal destruction of waste by means of direct exposure to fire."
• Implementing rules of R. A. 8749 provides that "no person shall be allowed to burn any materials in any quantities which shall cause the emission of toxic and poisonous fumes. Such material include but not limited to plastic," among others. Any violations will be meted by a fine of not less than Php10, 000.00 but not more than Php100,00.00 or six (6) years of imprisonment or both.
• Materials Recovery Facility


  • Solid waste transfer station
  • Sorting station
  • Drop-off center
  • Composting facility
  • Recycling facility
• Materials for Reutilization


  • Iron and metal for melting down for the manufacture of new products
  • Newspapers and magazines for the production of egg boxes, toilet paper, etc.
  • Plastics for the manufacture of new plastics
  • Cardboard for the manufacture of new cardboards
  • Writing paper, EDP print-outs, etc. for the manufacture new paper
  • Clothes and shoes for social help and charity organizations
  • Empty bottles and glass for reuse/ or melting down for new products
  • Garden refuse for composting
  • Stone and building refuse for crushing and use as gravel
• Reduce Waste


  • Implement a formal policy to duplex all draft reports
  • Make training manuals and personnel information available electronically
  • Improve product design to use less materials
  • Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material while maintaining strength
  • Work with customers to design and implement a packaging return program
  • Switch to reusable transport containers
  • Purchase products in bulk
• Recycling


  Treating of used or waste materials through a process of making them suitable for beneficial use and for other purposes, and includes any process by which solid waste materials are transformed into new products in such a manner that the original product may lose their identity, and which maybe used as raw materials for the production of other goods or services