Energy

Created by

Ciara

Cards (71)

Energy is never created or destroyed:
Only ever transferred between different forms and objects
State all the types of Energy forms:
Thermal energy
Kinetic energy
Gravitational Potential Energy
Elastic Potential Energy
Chemical Energy
Magnetic Energy
Nuclear Energy
Electrostatic Energy
Thermal energy  
Heat energy
Kinetic energy
Movement or motion in an object
Gravitational Potential Energy 
Position above the Earth's surface
Elastic Potential Energy
Energy held in an already stretched spring
Chemical Energy  
Held in chemical bonds. Example: Batteries
Magnetic Energy
Energy created by the strength of a magnetic field
Nuclear Energy  
From breaking atoms apart
Electrostatic Energy  
Build up of electrons, giving it an electrical charge
Different ways to transfer energy
Mechanically
Electrically
Heating
Radiation
Energy in energy stores is not fixed
Instead it can be transferred from one to another
Formula of Kinetic energy
$0.5mv^2$
How much kinetic energy does a stationary object have?
Zero
Limit of proportionality
When the spring has been streched too much it will not go back to its original form
Specific Heat Capacity
The amount of energy required to raise the tempurature of 1kg of the substance by 1℃
Conservation of Energy Principle
Energy can be transferred usefully , stored or dissipated but can never be created or destroyed
Where does conduction mainly occur in? 
Solids
Conduction is the process where vibrating paricles transfer energy to neighbouring particles
What states does convection occur in?
Liquid and Gas
Convection is where energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions
How is energy transferred by electrical work?
Energy is transferred by a charge moving
How is energy transferred by mechanical work?
Force applied over distance.
Transferring by Radiation
Energy transferred as a wave.
Example: Light and infrared - light raditation and infrared radiation are emitted from the sun.
Can also be transferred via sound waves.
What does infrared mean?
Electromagnetic radiation with longer wavelengths than visible light.
Invisible to the eye, it can be detected as a sensation of warmth on the skin.
Non-Renewale energy
They are fossil fuels and nuclear fuel (uranium and plutonium)
Fossil fuels are natural resources that form underground over millions of years
They are typically burnt to provide energy
The three main fossil fuels
Coal
Oil
(Natural) Gas
Pros and cons to non-renewable energy
Pros
They are reliable
Cons
They all do damage to the environment
These will all 'run out' one day
Renewable energy resources:
The Sun (solar)
Wind
Water waves
Hydro-electrcity
Bio-fuel
Tides
Geothermal
Pros and Cons of renewable energy
Pros
These will never run out - the energy can be 'renewed' as it is used
Most of them do damage the environment but in less nasty ways than non-renewables
Cons
They dont provide much energy and some of them are unreliable because they depend on the weather
Energy Resources and Transport
Non renewable
Petrol and diesel powered vehicles use fuel created from oil
Coal is used in some old-fashioned steam trains to boil water to produce steam
Renewable
Vehicles that run of pure bio-fuels or a mix of a bio-fuel and petrol or diesel (only the bio-fuel is renewable though)
A system is defined as:
An object or groups of objects
When a system is in equilibrium, nothing changed and so nothing happens
When there is a change in a system, things happen, and when things happen energy is transferred
Energy is measures in units of joules(J)
A thermondynamic system can be isolated, closed or open
An open system allowed the exchange of energy and matter to or from its surroundings
A closed system can exchage energy but not matter to or from its surrounding
An isolated system does not allow the transfer of matter or energy to or from its surroundings
Energy is stored in objects