ANAPHY - RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

• Exchange of gasses takes place within the lungs in the alveoli
• nose - The only externally visible part of the respiratory system
• Olfactory receptors are located in the mucosa on the superior surface of the nasal cavity
• paranasal sinuses - Lighten the skull
• pharynx - muscular passage from nasal cavity to larynx
• Nasopharynx – superior region behind nasal cavity
• Oropharynx – middle region behind mouth
• Laryngopharynx – inferior region attached to larynx
• The oropharynx and laryngopharynx are common passageways for air and food
• larynx - Routes air and food into proper channels
• larynx - Plays a role in speech
• thyroid cartilage - Largest hyaline cartilage
• epiglottis - Superior opening of the larynx
• vocal cords - Vibrate with expelled air to create sound
• Glottis – opening between vocal cords
• trachea - Connects larynx with bronchi
• windpipe - other term for trachea
• primary bronchi - Formed by division of the trachea
• lungs - Occupy most of the thoracic cavity
• apex - superior portion of the lungs
• base - inferior portion of the lungs
• bronchioles - Smallest branches of the bronchi
• gas exchange - Gas crosses the respiratory membrane by diffusion
• Pulmonary ventilation – moving air in and out of the lungs
• External respiration – gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli
• Respiratory gas transport – transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream
• Internal respiration – gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries
• Inspiration – flow of air into lung
• Expiration – air leaving lung
• functional volume - Air that actually reaches the respiratory zone
• larynx - Made of eight rigid hyaline cartilages and a spoon-shaped flap of elastic cartilage