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andrei flores
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Cards (29)
Endocrine system
Consists of glands that make hormones (chemical messengers)
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Types of endocrine gland
Endocrine/ductless gland - releases secretions directly into bloodstream
Exocrine gland - releases secretions through ducts
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Pituitary gland
Master gland because it controls the release of other hormones
Anterior pituitary secretes FSH, LH, GH, TSH, PTH, prolactin, ACTH
Posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin, ADH
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Pineal gland
Secretes melatonin hormone for sleeping and breeding
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Thyroid gland
Secretes T3, T4, calcitonin
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Parathyroid gland
Secretes parathormone to raise blood calcium level
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Thymus gland
Controls the antibodies
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Pancreas
Secretes insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
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Adrenal glands
Adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids
Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine
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Ovaries
Secrete estrogen, progesterone
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Testes
Secrete
testosterone
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Plant hormones
Auxin
Cytokinin
Abscisic acid
Gibberellic acid
Ethylene
Brassinosteroids
Oligosaccharides
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Open circulatory system
Found in
invertebrates
, fluid is hemolymph, blood flow is
slow
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Closed circulatory system
Found in vertebrates, fluid is blood,
blood flow
is
rapid
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Heart
Pumps
blood
,
60-100
beats per minute, 4 chambers, enclosed by pericardium
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Blood components
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
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Blood vessels
Arteries - carry
oxygenated
blood
away
from heart
Veins
- carry deoxygenated blood back to
heart
Capillaries - connect
arteries
and
veins
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Valves
Prevent
backward
flow of blood, control flow from atria to
ventricles
, and out of ventricles
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Heart route
Blood enters right
atrium
via vena cava, flows to right ventricle, pumped to lungs, returns oxygenated to left atrium, flows to left ventricle, pumped out to body via
aorta
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Plant vascular tissues
Xylem
- one way, transports water and minerals
Phloem
- two way, transports water and food (glucose)
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Taxonomy
Process of naming and classifying organisms into groups based on
similarities
and
differences
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Aristotle
First person to identify species, but had many
misconceptions
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Carl Linnaeus
Father of
taxonomy
, founder of hierarchy of 7 levels, introduced
binomial nomenclature
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Carl Woese
Introduced the domain as the
highest
level in
modern
taxonomy
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Levels of classification
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
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Domains
Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryota
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Kingdoms
Archaea
Bacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
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Autotrophic
Can produce their own
food
(e.g. plants)
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Heterotrophic
Cannot produce own
food
, rely on
plants
(e.g. humans, animals, fungi)
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