bbio

    Cards (29)

    • Endocrine system
      Consists of glands that make hormones (chemical messengers)
    • Types of endocrine gland
      • Endocrine/ductless gland - releases secretions directly into bloodstream
      • Exocrine gland - releases secretions through ducts
    • Pituitary gland
      • Master gland because it controls the release of other hormones
      • Anterior pituitary secretes FSH, LH, GH, TSH, PTH, prolactin, ACTH
      • Posterior pituitary secretes oxytocin, ADH
    • Pineal gland
      • Secretes melatonin hormone for sleeping and breeding
    • Thyroid gland
      • Secretes T3, T4, calcitonin
    • Parathyroid gland
      • Secretes parathormone to raise blood calcium level
    • Thymus gland
      • Controls the antibodies
    • Pancreas
      • Secretes insulin, glucagon, somatostatin
    • Adrenal glands
      • Adrenal cortex secretes glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids
      Adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine, norepinephrine
    • Ovaries
      • Secrete estrogen, progesterone
    • Testes
      • Secrete testosterone
    • Plant hormones
      • Auxin
      • Cytokinin
      • Abscisic acid
      • Gibberellic acid
      • Ethylene
      • Brassinosteroids
      • Oligosaccharides
    • Open circulatory system
      Found in invertebrates, fluid is hemolymph, blood flow is slow
    • Closed circulatory system
      Found in vertebrates, fluid is blood, blood flow is rapid
    • Heart
      • Pumps blood, 60-100 beats per minute, 4 chambers, enclosed by pericardium
    • Blood components
      • Plasma
      • Red blood cells
      • White blood cells
      • Platelets
    • Blood vessels
      • Arteries - carry oxygenated blood away from heart
      Veins - carry deoxygenated blood back to heart
      Capillaries - connect arteries and veins
    • Valves
      • Prevent backward flow of blood, control flow from atria to ventricles, and out of ventricles
    • Heart route
      Blood enters right atrium via vena cava, flows to right ventricle, pumped to lungs, returns oxygenated to left atrium, flows to left ventricle, pumped out to body via aorta
    • Plant vascular tissues
      • Xylem - one way, transports water and minerals
      Phloem - two way, transports water and food (glucose)
    • Taxonomy
      Process of naming and classifying organisms into groups based on similarities and differences
    • Aristotle
      • First person to identify species, but had many misconceptions
    • Carl Linnaeus
      • Father of taxonomy, founder of hierarchy of 7 levels, introduced binomial nomenclature
    • Carl Woese
      • Introduced the domain as the highest level in modern taxonomy
    • Levels of classification
      • Domain
      Kingdom
      Phylum
      Class
      Order
      Family
      Genus
      Species
    • Domains
      • Archaea
      Bacteria
      Eukaryota
    • Kingdoms
      • Archaea
      Bacteria
      Protista
      Fungi
      Plantae
      Animalia
    • Autotrophic
      Can produce their own food (e.g. plants)
    • Heterotrophic
      Cannot produce own food, rely on plants (e.g. humans, animals, fungi)
    See similar decks