The human body

• Anatomy- the study of the structure of the body and its parts.
• Dissect- to cut apart, to separate, to dismember, to dissect
• Systematic Anotomy- study of body by system
• Regional Anatomy- study of organization of the body by areas
• Physiology - deals with processes or function of living things
• Major goals of physiology

  *predict the bodys reaction to stimuli

  *body maintain conditions within a narrow range of values in the presence of a continually changing environment
• Chemical- structural and functional characteristics of all organisms are determined by their cgemical make up

  *Atoms combine to form molecules
• Organelle - small structure that make up cells

  *carry out specific function
• Cell- basic unit of organism
• Tissue- group of similar cells and the material surrounding them
• Epithelial- covers surfaces, usually has a basement membrabe, no blood vessel
• Squamous

  Cuboidal

  Columnar

  
• Connective- hold cells and tissue together, extracellular matrix: protein fibers, ground substance and fluid
• Muscle - to shorten or contract
• Skeletal muscle

  
• Cardiac muscle

  
• Smooth muscle

  
• Nervous - conduct action potentials
• Organ - two or more tissue types that together perform one or more common function
• Organ system- organs classified as a unit
• Integumentary system-

  Skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands

  * provides protection, regulates temperature, prevent water loss, produces vitamin d precursors
• Skeletal system- Consists of bones, associated cartilages, ligaments, and joints.

  *provides rotection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells and stores minerals and fats
• Mascular system- muscles attached to the skeleton by tendon

  *provides body movement, maintains posture, and prosuces body heat
• Lymphatic system- lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes

  *removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combat disease, maintain tissue fluid balance, and absorbs fats form the digestive tract
• Respiratory system - exchange of O2 and CO2 between the blood and air and regulates blood pH
• Digestive system - mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and eliminate of waste

  *liver considered as a digestive organ

  *pancreas- digestive enzymes
• Endocrine- glands such as pituitary, that secretes hormones
• Nervous system- brain, spinal cord, nerves and sensory receptors

  *detects sensations & controls movement physiologic processes and intellectual function
• Cardiovascular- heart, blood vessel, blood

  * Transport nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones throughout the body
• Urinary system- kidneys, urinary bladder, and ducts that carry urine

  *removes waste products from the blood & regulates blood, pH, ion balance, and water balance
• Reproductive- sex cell, sex hormones

  *reproduction
• Atom>molecule>cell>tissue>organ>organ system>organism