Microbio

• MICROBIOLOGY

  •Study of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa

  and algae

  •Collective term:

  •Microorganism (MO)

  •Microbes
• PROKARYOTES

  • NUCLEUS = No true nucleus --> Nucleoid (fake)
  • CHROMOSOME = Circular
  • RIBOSOMES = 70S (50S, 30S)
  • MITOCHONDRIA = NONE
  • YES: Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Peptidoglycan cell wall, Photosynthesis
• EUKARYOTIC

  NUCLEUS = Yes / TRUE NUCLEUS

  CHROMOSOMES = LINEAR

  RIBOSOMES = 80S (60S, 40S)

  YES: Mitochondria, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Photosynthesis

  NO: Peptidoglycan Cell wall
• BACTERIA

  Prokaryotic

  Unicellular
• FUNGI

  Eukaryotic

  Unicellular / Multicellular
• ALGAE

  Eukaryotic

  Unicellular / Multicellular
• PROTOZOA

  Eukaryotic

  Unicellular
• HELMINTH

  Eukaryotic

  Unicellular
• VIRUS

  obligate intracellular parasite

  Either living / non-living thing depends
• ROBERT HOOKE

  •Observed cork cells under microscope

  •Coined the term “cella” or “cells"
• ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK

  •Observed Live microorganism under

  microscope and called them animalcules
• LOUIS PASTEUR

  •Microorganisms are present in the air

  •Pasteurization- prevents

  spoilage of milk, beer and wine
• PASTEURIZATION

  Slow, low temp intermittent

  72 degrees celsius for 15 seconds
• IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS

  •Childbed fever or puerperal (old term/ post partum infection) fever

  •Demonstrated that medical personnel and

  students transmits infections

  •Wash hands with chlorinated lime

  •Father of handwashing
• EDWARD JENNER

  •Smallpox vaccine from cow pox (Vaccinia

  virus)

  •Coined the term “vaccine” from vacca

  •1st disease ever eradicated: smallpox
• JOSEPH LISTER

  •Used phenol to clean surgical wounds

  •Practice of antisepsis

  •Father of Antiseptic surgery
• ROBERT KOCH

  •Discovered:

  • Bacillus anthracis

  • Myobacterium tuberculosis - Koch's bacilli
• KOCH’S POSTULATES

  •MO must be found every case of the DISEASE, but NOT in HEALTHY HOSTS

  •MO must be ISOLATED from DISEASED HOST and GROWN in PURE CULTURE

  •CULTURED MO should CAUSE DISEASE when INTRODUCED into HEALTHY HOST

  •MO must be RE-ISOLATED from INOCULATED DISEASED HOST
• PAUL ERLICH

  •Salvarsan

  •AKA: Compound 606, Arsphenamine

  •Treatment of syphilis
• ALEXANDER FLEMING

  •Accidental discovery of penicillin from

  Penicillum notatum / Penicillum chrysogenum
• HOWARD WALTER FLOREY AND ERNST BORIS CHAIN (Florey and Chain)

  •Purified and held clinical trials for

  penicillin to prove its anti-microbial potential
• Staphylococcus aureus

  Cocci - spherical
• Bacillus cerus

  Bacilli - Rod
• Coryhebacterium spp.

  Pleomorphic - Varies
• Vibrio cholera

  Vibrio - Curved
• Helicobacter pylori

  Spirilla/ Spirillum - Helical with flagella
• Treponema pallidum

  Spirochetes - Helical with axial filament (endoflagella)
• Streptococcus pyogenes

  Strepto -

  Chains
• Staphylococcus aureus

  Staphylo-

  Cluster
• Neisseria gonorrhea

  Diplo

  Pairs
• Bacillus cereus

  Tetrad

  Group of 4
• Sarcinae

  Cube like group of 8
• •Glycocalyx

  •Outermost polysaccharide covering

  •Attaches to surfaces

  •Prevents desiccation

  •Helps bacteria evade immune system
• Pili or Fimbriae

  •Attaches to surfaces
• •Pili

  •Sex Pilus

  •Motility
• Flagella – used for Locomotion
• Atrichous

  No flagella
• Monotrichous

  One flagella at either pole
• Ampitrichous

  2 fagella on both poles
• Lophotrichous

  tuft or concentrated on one pole