Dar al-Islam, meaning "the house of Islam", was the region where Islam was the majority religion around 1200
Major religions that interacted during this period
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Judaism
The ethnic religion of the Jews, originated in the Middle East, monotheistic
Christianity
Established by the Jewish prophet Jesus Christ, who claimed to be the Messiah, early Christians were a persecuted minority until the Roman Empire adopted Christianity
Islam
Founded by the Prophet Muhammad in the 7th century, Muhammad claimed to be the final prophet, salvation through righteous actions like alms giving, prayer, and fasting
After Muhammad's death in 632, Islam spread rapidly throughout the Middle East, North and sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, and South Asia, creating Dar al-Islam
Dar al-Islam
The "house of Islam", the region where Islam was the majority religion
Islam facilitated trade connections and the rise of large empires within Dar al-Islam
Abbasid Caliphate
Founded in the 8th century, ethnically Arab, experienced a Golden Age of advancements in science, mathematics, literature, and technology
By 1200, the Abbasid Caliphate was fragmenting and losing its position as the center of the Islamic world
Several new Islamic empires, largely composed of Turkic peoples, began to rise in place of the declining Abbasid Caliphate
New Turkic Muslim Empires
Seljuk Empire
Mamluk Sultanate
Delhi Sultanate
New Turkic Muslim Empires
Military was in charge of administration
Implemented Sharia law
Ways Islam expanded during this period
1. Military expansion
2. Merchant activity and trade
3. Efforts of Muslim missionaries, including Sufism
Scholars in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad during the Abbasid Golden Age preserved and translated the works of Greek philosophers like Plato and Aristotle into Arabic, which later influenced the European Renaissance
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi invented trigonometry to better understand the movement of planets and stars
