MODULE 3 AND 4

• Characteristics of Broadcast Media

  • Universality
  • Popularity
  • Diversity
  • Immediacy
  • Use of Sound
  • Impermanence
  • Reusability
• Universality


  Readily available throughout the country, found in the homes of the masses, elites, restaurants, buses, and schools
• Popularity


  Enjoyed by many on a regular basis (listening and watching), staple in daily activities
• Diversity


  Offer a wide range of program content that suit various preferences and needs of audiences
• Immediacy


  Present live broadcasts of news, sports, and other special events immediately and even simultaneously, live component adds an aura of excitement and perception of being "with" the performers
• Use of Sound


  Establish rapport with the audience, credibility is enhanced and interest is sustained
• Impermanence


  Impermanent, perishable images and sounds in the audience's mind, unlike newspapers and magazine that can be retrieved
• Reusability


  Can be recorded, edited, and duplicated for multiple playbacks
• Capabilities and Advantages of Radio

  • Reach a large number of people at one time
  • Transmit message immediately
  • Transcends illiteracy and inadequate schooling
  • More intimate and personalized than the print medium
  • Has emotional impact
  • A companion medium
  • Relatively inexpensive
  • Can still be functional even without electricity
• Limitations of Radio

  • Lacks personal contact compared with F2F communication
  • Does not allow immediate feedback
  • Inexorable
  • Being a companion medium can also be a limitation
  • Difficult to make complex actions or processes clear to an audience over the radio
  • Ability to reach a great number of people at any given time can also serve as a disadvantage
  • Not suitable for reaching young children because of current programming
• Capabilities and Advantages of TV

  • Visual component
  • Great potentials for education
  • Brings to the viewers the people, places, and events that they could not see otherwise
  • Broadcast programs can be enjoyed by many people at the same time
• Limitations of TV

  • Inexorable
  • Higher production costs that other media
  • TV productions is more time-consuming than radio and print production
  • Electricity-dependent
• Basic Equipment and Facilities for Community Broadcasting - Radio

  • Microphone
  • CD Players
  • Recorders
  • Console
  • Studio and Announcer's Booths
  • Computers and Softwares
  • Timing Devices
  • Transmitter
  • Antenna System
• Microphone


  A device that transforms acoustic energy (sound) into electrical signals, basic function is to pick up the announcer's or broadcaster's voice
• CD Players


  Used to play compact discs, the information on the CD is read by a laser beam contained in the CD player
• Recorders


  Used to record voice and sound, needed for the original recording of the production material
• Console


  Also known as the 'control board', it is considered as the 'heart' and 'brain' of the radio station, it has three main functions: amplification, routing, and mixing of audio signals
• Studio and Announcer's Booths

  Studio is the place where most of the radio programs are produced, Announcer's Booth is a small version of the studio designed to house announcer/broadcaster and the console, both are treated acoustically to eliminate unwanted sounds
• Computers and Softwares


  Help in production of radio and tv programs
• Timing Devices


  Devices for measuring time are important in radio stations, examples are Stopwatch and Wall Clock, airtime is precious
• Transmitter


  Amplifies further the audio frequency coming from the console and transmits it to the antenna system
• Antenna System


  Has two major functions: to effect more efficient radiation and to increase the distance at which the radiating radio waves travel, thereby increasing the effective coverage of the radio station
• Basic Equipment and Facilities for Community Broadcasting - TV

  • TV Camera
  • Tripods
  • Pedestal
  • Control Room
  • Video Recorder
  • Video Switcher
  • Lighting Instruments
  • OB Van
• TV Camera


  Considered as the most important piece of TV production equipment, the 'eye' of the production, can change four areas of audience attention: the distance between the audience and the subject, the amount of the subject the audience sees, the audience position in relation to the subject, and the angle at which the viewer sees the subject
• Tripods


  A three-legged stand with independent adjustments in the length of each leg, ideal for outdoor production
• Pedestal


  Highly sophisticated, carefully engineered one-man camera mounting, allows both subtle or marked changes in the camera position to be made while on shoot
• Control Room


  The nerve center of the TV program production, where all the elements are channeled, coordinated, and unified, the place where the director usually works
• Video Recorder


  The function is similar to that of the audio recorder— to record electronic impulses (both the picture and the sound)
• Video Switcher


  Video inputs coming from the studio or remote sources are channeled through the video switcher before going on air
• Lighting Instruments


  Necessary in TV production, without them the quality of the picture that comes out of the screen will be affected
• OB Van


  The mobile production control room (PCR) or 'production truck' or 'OB Van' is used in outside broadcasting, outside broadcasting (OB) is the electronic field production (EFP) of television or radio programmes typically to cover television news and sports television events from a mobile remote broadcast television studio