Definition of terms

• Osteology: study or knowledge of bones.
• Myology: knowledge of muscles
• Neurology: Study of nervous system, including the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
• Epithelial tissue: single layers cells. And covers the outside of the body or the surface.
• Muscle tissue: perform work or alter the shape of an organ.
• Nervous: includes neurons and the support cells (neuroglia).
• Connective tissues: provide support, protects and gives structure to others tissues and organ.
• Metabolism: the sum of chemical processes.
• Anabolism: chemical reaction that build-up or synthesize.
• Catabolism: the breakdown of complex molecules (fracment equilibrium).
• Growth: increase in organism size.
• Mouth: breaks down food into small pieces and mixed it w/saliva.
• Liver: produce bile and processes nutrients obtained from food. And stores also glycogen.
• Gall bladder: stores bile.
• Esophagus: muscular tube down w/c food travels from theouth to the stomach.
• Stomach: secretes juices that gets digestion under way.
• Pancreas: produce insulin and glucagon.
• Small intestine: is the main site where food is digested and absorb into the bloodstream.
• Large Intestine: absorbs water, salts, and vitamins.
• Anus: opening through which feces are eliminated from the body.
• Rectum: temporary storage area for feces
• The digestive tract (alimentary canal) is a continuous tube with two openings: the mouth and the anus.
• Part of digestive system:

  Accessory organ: includes the teeth and tongue, salivary glands, liver, Gall bladder, and pancreas.
• Hernia: a defect in the abdominal wall that allows the intestine to protrude trough the abdominal wall.
• Liver cirrhosis: Chronic disease marked by degeneration of cells, inflammation, and fibrous thickening of tissue. (alcoholism & hepa.)
• Hemorrhoids: a swollen viens in the anus or rectum.
• Celiac disease: autoimmune disorder that cause inflammation in the small intestine and also it's hypersensitive to gluten.
• Diarrhea: involve loose and watery poop.
• Heartburn: burning feeling in your chest that can move up to your throat.
• Ulcer: is a sore that develops on the lining of the esophagus, stomach or small intestine.
• Gallstone: a small pieces of solid material from formed from digestive fluid.
• GERD: condition in which stomach acid flows back intu the esophagus.
• Diverticulosis and diverticulitis common in elderly. The two condition that occur in your large Intestine also called colon.
• Crohn's disease: autoimmune disorder that can damage your small intestine and ulcer.
• THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE TISSUE


  • Skeletal muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Smooth muscle
• Skeletal muscle


  This type of muscle creates movement in the body
• Skeletal muscle


  • There are more than 600 skeletal muscles, and they makes up about 40 percent of a person's body weight
  • When the nervous system signals the muscle to contract, groups of muscles work together to move the skeleton
  • These signals and movements are nearly involuntary, yet they do require conscious effort
  • Humans do not need to concentrate on individual muscles when moving
• Cardiac muscle


  • Cardiac muscle is involuntary muscle
  • This type makes up the walls of the heart and creates the steady, rhythmic pulsing that pumps blood through the body from signals from the brain
  • This muscle type also creates the electrical impulses that produce the heart's contractions, but hormones and stimuli from the nervous system can also affect these impulses, such as when your heart rate increases when you're scared
• Smooth muscle


  • Smooth muscle makes up the walls of hollow organs, respiratory passageways, and blood vessels
  • Its wavelike movements propel things through the bodily system, such as food through your stomach or urine through your bladder
  • Like cardiac muscle, smooth muscle is involuntary and also contracts in response to stimuli and nerve impulses
• Skeletal system


  Your body's central framework, consisting of bones and connective tissue, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments