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Physics paper 1
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Jacob Thomas
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Cards (114)
Every measurement or quantity has a unit
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Units
Meters for distance
Seconds for time
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Prefixes
Used for very big or very small numbers
Generally go up or down in thousands times
Apart from centimeters and decimeters
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Converting units
1. Think do I want a bigger number multiplied by the conversion factor or a smaller number
2. Divide by the conversion factor if a smaller number
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Prefixes in standard form
Positive
power for anything
bigger
than a meter
Negative
power for anything
smaller
than a meter
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Force
Any push or pull
Can be contact forces (
physically touching
)
Can be non-contact forces (like
magnetism
, electrostatic,
gravity
)
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Representing forces
With
vectors
(arrows showing direction and magnitude)
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Finding resultant force
1. Technically adding the
vectors
2. If in
opposite
directions, one must be
negative
3. If at right angles, use
Pythagoras
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Balanced forces
Forces
add
up to
zero
Object will not
accelerate
, stays at
constant
velocity
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Scalar
Measurement or quantity with
magnitude
but
no
direction
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Vector
Measurement or quantity with both
magnitude
and
direction
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Examples of scalars and vectors
Scalars:
distance
, speed,
weight
Vectors:
displacement
,
velocity
, force
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Weight
Force
due to
gravity
acting on an object
Calculated as mass *
gravitational field strength
(9.8 N/kg)
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Lifting an object at constant speed
Lifting force
must equal the
weight
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Work done
Energy
transferred by a
force
Calculated as
force
*
distance
moved
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Gravitational potential energy
Calculated as mass *
gravitational field strength
*
height
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Moment
Turning force
Calculated as force *
perpendicular distance
to pivot
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If moments turning
clockwise
and anticlockwise are
balanced
, object will not turn
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Gears
Application of
moments
to
increase
the moment produced
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Speed and velocity
Measured in
m/s
Velocity has
direction
(can be
positive
or negative)
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Calculating
speed
and
velocity
Distance
or
displacement
over time
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Acceleration
Change in
speed
divided by
time
Unit is
m/s^2
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Acceleration due to gravity
Constant
9.8
m/s^2
downwards
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Velocity-time graph
Gradient gives
acceleration
Area under graph gives distance
traveled
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Newton's equations of motion
Used
to predict object's motion when
accelerating
Involve
s,
u
, v, a, t
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Newton's first law
No
resultant
force, motion is
constant
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Inertia
Tendency for an object's
motion
to stay
constant
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Newton's second law
F
=
ma
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Proving Newton's second law
Use
trolley
on track, measure acceleration, change
weight
, plot F vs a graph
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Newton's third law
For every
action
force, there is an
equal
and opposite reaction force
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Thinking distance
Distance
traveled
before
reacting
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Doubling speed
Quadruples braking distance
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Momentum
Measure of how
hard
it is to stop something
Calculated as
mass
*
velocity
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In a collision, total
momentum
is always
conserved
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Force and momentum
Force = rate of
change
of
momentum
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Energy
Cannot be created or destroyed, only
converted
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Energy stores
Kinetic
energy
Gravitational
potential energy
Elastic
potential energy
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Kinetic energy
Calculated as
1/2
* mass *
velocity^2
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Elastic potential energy
Calculated as
1/2
* spring constant *
extension^2
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Energy stores
Types of
energy
that an object can have
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