Physics paper 1

    Cards (114)

    • Every measurement or quantity has a unit
    • Units
      • Meters for distance
      • Seconds for time
    • Prefixes
      • Used for very big or very small numbers
      • Generally go up or down in thousands times
      • Apart from centimeters and decimeters
    • Converting units
      1. Think do I want a bigger number multiplied by the conversion factor or a smaller number
      2. Divide by the conversion factor if a smaller number
    • Prefixes in standard form
      • Positive power for anything bigger than a meter
      • Negative power for anything smaller than a meter
    • Force
      • Any push or pull
      • Can be contact forces (physically touching)
      • Can be non-contact forces (like magnetism, electrostatic, gravity)
    • Representing forces
      With vectors (arrows showing direction and magnitude)
    • Finding resultant force
      1. Technically adding the vectors
      2. If in opposite directions, one must be negative
      3. If at right angles, use Pythagoras
    • Balanced forces
      • Forces add up to zero
      • Object will not accelerate, stays at constant velocity
    • Scalar
      Measurement or quantity with magnitude but no direction
    • Vector
      Measurement or quantity with both magnitude and direction
    • Examples of scalars and vectors
      • Scalars: distance, speed, weight
      • Vectors: displacement, velocity, force
    • Weight
      • Force due to gravity acting on an object
      • Calculated as mass * gravitational field strength (9.8 N/kg)
    • Lifting an object at constant speed
      Lifting force must equal the weight
    • Work done
      • Energy transferred by a force
      • Calculated as force * distance moved
    • Gravitational potential energy
      Calculated as mass * gravitational field strength * height
    • Moment
      • Turning force
      • Calculated as force * perpendicular distance to pivot
    • If moments turning clockwise and anticlockwise are balanced, object will not turn
    • Gears
      Application of moments to increase the moment produced
    • Speed and velocity
      • Measured in m/s
      • Velocity has direction (can be positive or negative)
    • Calculating speed and velocity
      Distance or displacement over time
    • Acceleration
      • Change in speed divided by time
      • Unit is m/s^2
    • Acceleration due to gravity
      Constant 9.8 m/s^2 downwards
    • Velocity-time graph
      • Gradient gives acceleration
      • Area under graph gives distance traveled
    • Newton's equations of motion
      • Used to predict object's motion when accelerating
      • Involve s, u, v, a, t
    • Newton's first law
      No resultant force, motion is constant
    • Inertia
      Tendency for an object's motion to stay constant
    • Newton's second law
      F = ma
    • Proving Newton's second law
      Use trolley on track, measure acceleration, change weight, plot F vs a graph
    • Newton's third law
      For every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force
    • Thinking distance
      Distance traveled before reacting
    • Doubling speed
      Quadruples braking distance
    • Momentum
      • Measure of how hard it is to stop something
      • Calculated as mass * velocity
    • In a collision, total momentum is always conserved
    • Force and momentum
      Force = rate of change of momentum
    • Energy
      Cannot be created or destroyed, only converted
    • Energy stores
      • Kinetic energy
      • Gravitational potential energy
      • Elastic potential energy
    • Kinetic energy
      Calculated as 1/2 * mass * velocity^2
    • Elastic potential energy
      Calculated as 1/2 * spring constant * extension^2
    • Energy stores
      Types of energy that an object can have
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