Education

• The New .... believe that schools should operate like businesses

  Right
• Bourdieu claims that which type of violence is used against the working class in education?

  Symbolic
• According to Bowles and Gintis what is the name of the curriculum teaching pupils conformity?

  Hidden
• The unwritten rules of society that govern how we behave?

  Norms
• The social .......... perspective claims that all abilities and social classes should have access to the same opportunities?

  Democratic
• Davis and Moore claim that the purpose of education is?

  Role allocation
• While school and wider society operate with universal standards what does the family operate with?

  Particularistic
• Who claimed that the role of education was to provide pupils with specialist skills for future work?

  Durkheim
• Which sociologist studied an anti school group of 'lads' in the Midlands?

  Willis
• Type of status you are born with?

  Ascribed status
• The type of initial socialisation received from the family?

  Primary
• Which sociologist suggests education is the bridge between the family and wider society?

  Parsons
• A system whereby the harder you work and the higher your ability the greater your reward?

  Meritocracy
• Durkheim argues that through teaching norms and values of society education promotes?

  Social Solidarity
• Which two sociologists argued that the standards of state education were too low?

  Chubb and Moe
• Which perspective believes that education has become more diverse, global and individualised?

  Postmodern
• Who argues that education is a type of ideological state apparatus?

  Althusser
• Is functionalism a conflict or consensus theory?

  Consensus
• Who believed 'Free' schooling is never truly free?

  Bull
• Which sociologist came up with The 'halo' effect?

  Hargreaves
• Which sociologist found that state school pupils are more successful at university than private school pupils?

  Kynaston
• Found that kindergarten pupils were split into tables called Tigers and Clowns?

  Rist
• Claim that schools have an education triage (A - C)?

  Gillborn and Youdell
• Studies labelling and believes that middle class pupils are closest to the 'ideal' pupils from a teachers perspective?

  Becker
• Beachside Comprehensive - found that as setting and streaming were fazed out polarisation decreased?

  Ball
• Argued that working class parents aren't uninterested in their childs education, they just lack time?

  Blackstone and Mortimore
• Which sociologists believed the working class the middle class are their own subcultures who possess different attitudes and values?

  Hyman and Sugarman
• Socio-linguistics : restricted and elaborated language codes

  Bernstein
• Which sociologist said a poor diet and lack of vitamins leads to poor health which causes absences and underachievement?

  Howard
• Organisation that found private school pupils are 55x more likely to get into Oxford or Cambridge university?

  Sutton Trust
• Which sociologist proposed different types of capital, including cultural?

  Bourdieu
• What three functions do functionalists say that education has to help society?

  1 - Eduction plays a part in secondary socialisation passing on core values

  2- Education sifts and sorts people for appropriate jobs - called allocation function

  3- Education teaches the skills needed in work and by the economy
• What does Durkheim say?

  That education passes on norms and values in order to integrate individuals into society. Education helps to create social order based on cohesion and value consensus, and to strengthen social solidarity
• What does Parsons say?


  That education is the bridge between family and adult roles of society - schools pass on a universal value of achievement. He says that education selects children into appropriate roles because its meritocratic - the best students rise to the top
• What do Davis and Moore say?

  That every society sorts its members into different positions - they think there are rules for how education does this - called principles of stratification - they believe there has to be a system of unequal rewards (more money or status) to motivate people to train for the top positions
• What are three points marxists believe education does?

  1 - Education prepares children for the world of work by giving them skills and values that employers need.

  2 - Education passes on ruling class ideology that supports capitalism

  3 - Education legitimises inequality
• What do Bowles and Gintis say?


  Correspondence principle between pupils experience of school and adult work - pupils are prepared for the world of work by the school system
• What are some examples of the correspondence principle?

  1 - Pupils are taught to accept the hierarchy at school. There is also a hierarchy at work

  2 - Pupils are motivated by grades to do boring work. Workers are rewarded with pay to do boring work.

  3 - The school day is broken into small units. So is the work day

  4 - At school and work following the rules are rewarded
• What is the hidden curriculum? 


  Schools pass on a set of social norms and values to their students for example turning up to lessons on time, dressing smartly in the correct uniform are part of the hidden curriculum
• What does Neo Marxist Althusser say?

  Sees education as part of the ideological state apparatus.

  In other words its a tool of capitalism which is used to pass on the belief that society is fair even though it isn't - it legitimises inequality.

  He thinks education produces a docile and obedient workforce who will not challenge authority.