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Cards (8)
Fractional distillation
1.
Crude oil
is heated to a very
high
temperature
2.
Crude oil vapors
are fed into the
fractional distillation column
3.
Hydrocarbon vapors rise
up the
column
4. Hydrocarbons
condense
when they reach their
boiling point
5. Remaining
hydrocarbons
continue moving up the
column
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Fractional
distillation column
Hotter at the
bottom
, cooler at the
top
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Very long-chain hydrocarbons
Have very
high
boiling point, removed from the
bottom
of the column
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Very short-chain hydrocarbons
Have very
low
boiling point, not condensed and removed from the top of the column as
gases
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Fractions produced by fractional distillation
Petrol
Diesel
Kerosene
Heavy fuel oil
Liquefied petroleum gas
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Fractions used as fuels
Petrol
and
diesel
are used to fuel cars
Kerosene
is used as
jet
fuel
Heavy
fuel oil is used to power
ships
Liquefied
petroleum gas is used in
camping
stoves
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Feedstock fractions
Used to make solvents,
lubricants
,
detergents
, and polymers
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Fractional distillation is used to separate the
hydrocarbons
in crude oil into fractions containing
hydrocarbons
with a similar number of carbon atoms
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