Breathing and respiration

• Respiration


  Chemical reaction which provides energy for life processes
• Aerobic Respiration


  Requires oxygen to release energy from glucose
• Fermentation

  Does not require oxygen and releases less energy than aerobic respiration.
• Enzymes


  essential for speeding up reactions in the body
• Rib cage


  the bones that protect the lungs (and heart)
• Muscle action in breathing in

  External intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract
• Oxygen


  Gas that exchanges from alveoli to blood
• Alveoli create a large surface area for

  maximum exchange of gases
• layer of mucus


  allows the oxygen to dissolve
• Muscle action in breathing out

  External intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax
• carbon dioxide


  Gas that exchanges from blood to alveoli
• thin wall of alveoli


  short distance for gases to exchange
• during exercise


  breathing rate increases
• Trachea


  connects larynx to bronchi
• Bronchi


  connects trachea to lungs
• bronchioles


  connect bronchi to alveoli
• cilia


  sweep mucus away from the lungs
• smoking


  damages the cilia that keep the lungs clean