Cell Division

• Prophase


  1. Chromosomes (genetic material) condense (coil tightly)

  2. Nucleolus disappears
• Mitosis includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, cytokinesis, and results in two daughter cells with identical chromosome numbers.
• What is Cell

  Cycle? -

  • a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides
  • composed of interphase, M-phase and cytokinesis
• What is Cell Division

  • happens when a parent cell divides into two or more cells called daughter cells
  • fundamental to all living organisms and required for growth, development, and reproduction
  • has two types: MITOSIS and MEIOSIS
• TELOPHASE 1 -

  Two new nuclei form dround each set of chromosomes.

  The cytoplasm splits and two (haploid) daughter cells are formed.
• ANAPHASE - Chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

  This stage ensures that each cell contains identical chromosomes after splitting.
• CYTOKINESIS -

  • mainly cytoplasmic division
  • The cytoplasm of the parent cell splits to form two or four identical daughter cells.
• ANAPHASE 1 - Chromosome pairs separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

  This ensures each cell contains half. the number of chromosomes (haploid).
• PROPHASE 2 - Phase 2 happens to allow 4 haploid sex cells (sperm and egg cells) to be created.

  The chromosomes condense and the nucleolus breaks in both cells.
• What is mitosis?

  A type of cell division where a single cell divides once and produces two genetically identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes in parent cell.
• PROPHASE I - The chromosomes condense and the nucleolus breaks down.

  As chromosomes move around, crossing over happens - this means genetic material can be exchanged.
• INTERPHASE-

  The cell grows in size and replicates its DNA to prepare for cell division.
• METAPHASE

  The chromosomes align in the centre of the cell and attach to microtubules in preparation to split apart.
• TELOPHASE

  Two new nuclei form around each set of chromosomes.

  Chromosomes decondense and the cells begin to split from each other.
• METAPHASE 1

  The chromosomes align in pairs in the centre of the cell.

  Random assortment occurs - this means that chromosome pairs line up randomly.
• M-PHASE

  • mainly nuclear division
  • consists of prophase,

  metaphase, anaphase, telophase
• ANAPHASE 2

  sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

  This ensures the daughter cells remain haploid

  • that means they have half the genetic material of the original parent cell.
• Mitosis- 1 division
• Mitosis - Asexual
• Mitosis number of cell 1
• Mitotsis number of chromosomes in parents cell - diploid number - 2n

  in parent cell

  46 in humans
• mitosis- type of daughter cell diploid
• mitosis - number of chromosomes

  diploid number - 2n

  46 in humans

  per daughter cell
• Mitosis- parent cell's genetic makeup compared to daughter

  identical
• meiosis- 2 successive division meiosis 1-reduction division; meiosis 2-similar to mitosis
• Meiosis - sexual
• Meiosis- 1
• Meiosis - type of daughter cell haploid
• meiosis number of daughter produced 4
• Meiosis- haploid number - n

  23 in humans
• meiosis- different
• METAPHASE 2

  The chromosomes align single file in the centre of the cell.

  This occurs to ensure sister chromatids separate in the next stage.
• TELOPHASE 2

  Four new nuclei form dround each set of chromosomes

  The cytoplasms split and four (haploid) daughter cells are formed.