Memory

• What is coding?


  The format in which information is stored in the memory
• What is capacity?


  The amount of information that can be stored
• What is duration?


  The length of time information can be held in the memory store
• What is short term, memory?

  Your memory for immediate events, which disappear, if not rehearsed, is sometimes called working memory
• What is long-term memory?

  Your memory from events that happened in the past from anywhere between two minutes and 100 years ago, it is permanent memory store
• What is the sensory register?

  It's stores a huge amount of information from our senses for a brief amount of time about half a second
• What is acoustic coding?


  Means that information is stored in the form of sounds
• what is semantic coding?

  Means that information is stored in the forms of meaning of the experience
• What is the capacity of the short time memory?

  5/9 chunks (Jacobs digit, span research, found a mean of 7.3/Miller said we chunk memories in STM)
• What is the coding for short time memory?

  Acoustic
• What is the duration of the short time memory?

  30 seconds
• What is the coding for the sensory register?

  echoic/iconic
• What is the capacity of the sensory register?

  unlimated
• What is the duration of the sensory register?

  Half a second
• What is the coding for the long-term memory?

  Semantic
• What is the capacity for the long time memory?

  Unlimited
• What is the duration of the long-term memory?

  unlimited
• What did Miller say about short-term memory capacity?

  He wrote an article 7 4 -2 and concluded. The span of a median memory is seven, sometimes more sometimes less, and we chunk things together which is a strategy to remember.
• who was testing the encoding of the long-term memory and what year?

  Baddeley 1966
• What was the aim of Baddeley's study?

  to find out if the long-term memory encodes, acoustically or semantically
• how many participants were there in Baddeleys study?

  72
• how many groups were the participants split into in Baddeleys study?

  4
• each of the groups were given?

  A slideshow of 10 words
• what type of two conditions were the four group?

  acoustically similar semantically similar
• what conclusion did he come to that the long-term memory encode semantically or acoustically?

  semantically
• What are the strengths of Baddeleys study?

  It has high reliability (can be replicated)
• What is a weakness of Baddeleys study?

  doesn't have good ecological validity (as recalling a list of words is quite artificial)
• Who wanted to investigate the duration of the long-term memory, and what was the year?

  Bahrich et al 1975
• what was Bahrick et al aim?


  To investigate the duration of the long-term memory
• How many participants were in Bahrick et al study and what age range were they?

  392 American ex high school students

  17 to 74
• what recall test does this best describe?

  (participants recalled names of as many of their former classmates as possible)

  free recall test
• what were the results from the free recall test?

  after 15 years, there was about 60% accuracy dropping to 30% after 48 years
• Watch recall test does this best describe?

  (where asked to identify former classmate in a set of photos where some were from their yearbook and some weren't) photo recognition test
• what were the results for the photo recognition test?

  If they were tested within 15 years, 90% accurate and after 48 years we called, dropped to about 70%
• Strength of Bahrick et al?

  has high external validity as real life memory was studied
• weaknesses of of Bahrick et al?


  Conforming variables are not controlled e.g. participants may have looked at their yearbook photos and rehearse their memory over the years
• who wanted to investigate the duration of the short term memory and provide empirical evidence for the multi store model?

  Peterson and Peterson 1959
• what was the aim of Peterson and Peterson?

  To investigate the duration of the short-term memory, and provide empirical evidence of the multi store model
• how many participants were in the study?

  24
• how many trials did the undergraduates take part in?

  8 trials