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• Behaviour


  Intentional or conscious use of any sound, sign, or symbol to transmit ideas, facts
• Elements of communication


  • Speaker - Source of message
  • Message - The information
  • Encoding - Process of converting the message into words, actions
  • Channel - Means (non-personal, personal, non-verbal, verbal)
  • Decoding - Process of interpreting / understanding
  • Receiver - Recipient of the message
  • Feedback - Reaction, Response
• Functions of communication


  • Regulation or control - Control the behaviour / regulate the amount of activities
  • Social interaction - Produce social relationships
  • Motivation - Express desires, needs, wants, likes
  • Emotional expression - Expressing emotions
  • Information - To give and get information
• Models of communication


  • Interpersonal - Communication between and among people
  • Intrapersonal - Communication with himself/herself mentally
  • Public communication - Delivering message in front of a group
  • Intercultural - Share thoughts across different cultures and social groups
• Flow of communication


  1. Sender -> Message transmission -> Recipient -> Receiver

  2. Feedback
• (AARISTOTELIAN MODEL) Speech, occasion, audience, and effect

  • The speaker delivers his message to the audience
  • Feedback is not necessary
• (SCHRAMM MODEL) Focused on the field of experience

  • Refers to the past and present
  • May process: the sender and techerer take forms instading and recueing brisage
• SMCR model


  Sender- Message- Channel - Recierer
• -BFeedbuck is not part of the process
• SHANNON'S

  of transmitter (phones. computers, etc...)
• LINEAR MODEL


  One direction from sender- reuerer
• Feedback


  • Requires from the reclever
  • INTERACTIVE
  • TRANSACTIONAL-muttaneous exchange
• Includes psychological communicatich


  • Share past, present, and future
• VERBAL COMMUNICATION


  • Language should be appropriate to the occasion (formal or informal)
  • Brevity
  • Clarity
  • Ethics
  • Vividness
• THREE BASIC ELEMENTS


  • Phonemies - Set of sounds
  • Grammar - Structure of a language
  • Vocabulary - Lexicon or total number of words
• Phonemies


  Sound that distinguish one word from another
• Phonemes


  • AMERICAN ENGLISH-FORTY- 100 SOUNDS
  • SPANISH 32 phonemes
• Grammar


  • Morphology - Patterns for making words
  • Morphenes - Refers to root words prefixes, and suffixes
  • Syntax - Study of patterns for making sentences
• Vocabulary


  Lexicon or total number of words
• VERBAL COMMUNICATION

  • Eye contact
  • Expressions
  • Posture
  • Kinesics
  • Haptics
  • Proxemics
  • Chronemics
  • Paralanguage
• BARRIERS


  • Physical
  • Physiological
  • Psychological
  • Mental
  • Semantic
• 7 C'S IN EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION

  • Completeness
  • Conciseness
  • Considerations
  • Concreteness
  • Courtesy
  • Clearness
  • Correctness
• Speech Act Theory


  Developed by Langshaw (1962) and further developed by John Searle (1969)
• TYPES OF SPEECH ACT

  • Locutionary Act
  • Illocutionary Act
  • Perlocutionary Act
• Illocutionary Act


  The act of saying something, ordering, promising, stating opinion, confirming, or denying promise, request
• ACCORDING TO SEARLE, THERE ARE 5 MAJOR CATEGORIES OF ILLOCUTION


  • Expressive
  • Declarations
  • Assertive
  • Directives
  • Commissive
• we cognat
• speaker. speech, occasion, audience, and effect

  1. The speaker delivers his message to the audience

  2. Feedback is not necessary
• Charness


  • Appropriateness
• Focused on the "Field of experience" refers to the past and present
• MODEL


  Two way process the sender and receiver take turns in sending and receiving messages
• BERLO


  SMCR model (sender- Message Channel - Receiver)
• MODEL Considered as linear model, Feedback is not part of the process
• SHANNON'S


  Use of transmitter (phones, computers, etc...)
• MODEL


  LINEAR, one direction from sender-receiver
• Feedback


  INTERACTIVE, Requires from the receiver
• TRANSACTIONAL


  Simultaneous exchange
• Includes psychological communication
• Have part, present, and future
• Nomination


  The act of allowing or inviting a participant to join a discussion