ur mom

• define personality disorders


  unusual/abnormal, problematic, negative impact on social relationships, stable over time, ego syntonic (people view it as who they are as a person)
• what does ego-syntonic mean?


  when personality pathology is particularly compatible with a person's sense of self. Inividuals could internalise it as their identity as opposed to thinking about it as something separate from themselves
• what are the 6 main personality disorders

  schizotypal, narcissistic, antisocial, borderline, avoidant, obsessive-compulsive
• describe schizotypal


  unconventional, quirky, odd, eccentric, superstitious, weird theories

  
  

  difficult for others to relate to them, males more likely to be diagnosed
• describe narcissistic


  inflated self-esteem, more confident, more full of themselves, annoying in the long run, imagine/think/identify themselves as the most beautiful, most powerful, expect praise from others, Rules are for others, dehumanising others which leads to exploitative behaviours, sensitive to ego threats
• which personality disorder is more likely to be egosyntonic

  narcissistic and obsessive compulsive
• describe antisocial


  Lie, cheat, steal, reckless, impulsive, defined with disregard on societal expectations, risky sex and abuse drugs, heartless, overlap with psychopathy, more likely to divorce, drug addiction, imprisonment, suicide, linked to poverty rates, more likely to be diagnosed in males
• describe borderline


  Extreme levels of instabilities and chaotic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving, wild swings of moods, Self harm and self-mutilation

  Suicide (8-10%), deadly condition, women more likely to be diagnosed
• describe avoidant


  Fear of things to go wrong, failure, rejection, negative affect that people feel in response to failure and rejection goes to the extreme, it rises to the level of avoidant personality disorder, avoid everyday life
• describe obsessive compulsive


  Needing to engage in rituals, set of behaviours to feel order in their life, Lack of bigger picture, too fixated on specific details, Workaholics (unproductive)

  ,Hoarding tendencies, see structure and order in the mess, can navigate through, not perceived as gross to them
• difference between OCD and OCPD

  OCD: does not need to be so stable over time, just an anxiety disorder so not really part of one's identity

  OCPD: relatively stable over time, says to be more extreme version of OCD
• what is the prevalence rates of personality pathology

  more than 15%, some people have multiple disorders as there is a lot of overlap
• what is the DSM-V

  from the American Psychological association, main volume has a typological approach with the back an additional section of emerging perspectives based on research and empirical evidence, a dimensional approach
• what is ICD 11

  from the World Health Organization, used by non specialists, only has dimensional approach
• importance of the DSM-V and ICD 11

  both make diagnosis objective, consistent diagnoses from clinician to clinician, Useful to try to standardise judgement calls of making a diagnosis, Both give codes to build insurances
• what is dimensional approach (?)

  "bad 5", 5 dimensions that capture individual differences in personality pathology, essential trait approach
• what dimensions are the same in the DSM-V and ICD 11

  negative affectivity, detachment, disinhibition, antagonsim (dsm v), dissocality (icd 11)
• What is a unique dimension to the DSM-V

  psychoticism
• what is a unique dimension to ICD 11

  anankastia
• big 5 trait related to negative affectivity

  negative emotionality
• big 5 trait related to detachment


  extraversion
• big 5 trait related to antagonism/dissocality

  agreeableness
• big 5 trait related to disinhibition


  conscientiousness
• what big 5 trait is left out (related to psychoticism/anankastia)

  open-mindedness
• what is negative affectivity


  tendency to experience negative emotions, anxiety, depression, fear, similar to negative emotionality but changed label to signal its an abnormal disordered variation
• what is detachment


  a general tendency to withdraw from the social world, extreme level along the dimension of extroversion, Extreme withdrawal from the social world, apathy, low energy levels
• what is Antagonism/Dissociality


  same dimension, describe a dimension in which someone is argumentative, disregards social norms, tendency to deviate from societal norms to be antagonistic or argumentative
• what is disinhibition


  Tendency to be impulsive, to be reckless
• what is psychoticsm


  Tendency to have unusual beliefs and experiences, to be eccentric, odd, quirky, Not related to any of the big 5 traits, separate dimension that the American Psychiatric Association has decided is essential at the current state of research as opposed to having something that map on to open mindedness
• what is anankastia


  Proposed by the ICD 11 as the essential 5th, Defined by rigid perfectionism and perseverance
• advantages of the dsm v

  better able to predict or describe pathology like schizotypal because of the addition of the psychoticism dimension
• advantage of icd 11

  better able to diagnose people with obsessive compulsive disorder because of the rigid perfectionism and perseverance under anakastia
• diagnosis steps with dsm v

  1. Asses clients "personality functioning", rating overall severity, dysfunctional, moderately or extreme, clinician has to make the decision

  2. Asses if at least 1 of the six defined disorders is present, clinicians would reflect on whether or not there are signs of the 6 types of disorders. If one of the 6 types is useful, it will be used as clinicians are very familiar with them

  3. Asses each of the five maladaptive traits, way of characterising how this dysfunction plays out in someone's personality system
• diagnosis steps of icd 11

  1. Asses degree of personality dysfunction, Mild -> moderate -> severe, If it's moderate or severe, the doctor would then select these things and then

  2. Can be qualified by description of domain traits, doctor describe the dysfunction using the ICB 11 dimensions or refer patient to a clinical psychologist who is more specialised in mental health
• difference with the ICD 11

  no historical reliance on the types, not involved in process anymore, used to be typological but switched to dimension
• issues of labelling


  somewhat misleading but also useful, people are different in one another so it gives the false impression that we know exactly what someone is like, labels can have a causal force ("I" data has causal force), if someone is labelled with a certain condition it might eventually set forth a chain reaction that it becomes the case

  
  

  Kinda useful at predicting the ways in which someone might experience dysfunction and useful for clinicians to have a label to help them pick different therapeutic techniques
• why is labelling necessary

  1. Insurance companies need a label to allocate resources for people who need help

  2. Everyday language use is not well equipped for dimensional approaches
• what is cross sectional approach


  common research design that provides evidence to suggest whether or not people change or are stable, Does not show how any particular person changes over time, (ex. comparing the assessed personalities of 20 year olds to 65 year olds)
• what is longitudinal design

  Assessing the same individuals across some period of time, Can see if somebody shifts in terms of their personality traits, Can take 2 different analytic approaches with the same longitudinal data, mean level approach and rank order approach (ex. compare people's assessed personality from time 1 to time 2)
• what is mean level approach

  Get group of people in assessments and use big 5 traits, (time 2 - time 1 = change/nochange) to see how a person's personality has shifted over time, uses longitudinal design