Science

• Vertebrates


  Sea and land dwellers forming the large group of chordates, with backbone, the tail can be the bone and muscle that use for swimming in aquatic species
• Vertebrates


  • Fishes
  • Amphibians
  • Reptiles
  • Birds
  • Mammals
• Fishes


  • Found in salty, fresh, cold or even hot water, most have scales for protection, paired fins for movement and gills for gas exchange, may lay eggs to reproduce or give birth to live young
• Cold blooded


  Their body temperature changes when environment temperature changes
• Jawless Fishes

  • Belong to Class Agnatha, have tooth-like structures in their mouth that can attach to bodies of other fishes and feed on their tissues and blood
• Cartilaginous Fishes


  • Have skeleton made of the soft, flexible protein material called cartilage, covered with a tough, sandpaperlike skin due to the presence of toothlike scales, some eat floating planktons while others feed on invertebrates at the bottom of the seas and oceans
• Sharks


  • Feed on small fishes or on floating algae
  • Whale Shark (Butanding) - found in marine waters of Cebu, Sorsogon and Dumaguete
• Bony Fishes

  • Belong to Class Osteichthyes, have an endoskeleton made of hard, calcium material called bone
• Bony Fishes

  • Milkfish (bangus)
  • Tuna
  • Goldfish
  • Tilapia
• Amphibians


  Means "double life", refers to animals that live part in water and part on land, most lay small, shell-less eggs surrounded by jellylike substance in moist places or in water, hatch into tadpoles with gills and tails
• Amphibians


  • Lose the tail to develop lungs as well as legs and move to land but close to water or damp habitats, have moist skin to help the lungs for gas exchange while in dry land
• Groups of Amphibians

  • Caecilians - live in water or burry themselves in moist soil
  • Salamanders - live in forest floors under rocks and decaying logs
  • Frogs and Toads - they jump, some can leap and attach to the tree trunks and branches
• Reptiles


  • Exhibit more adaptations for living on land, they lay eggs with shells to protect them from drying, they also have smooth or rough scales for protection from loss of body water
• Reptiles

  • Lizards and Snakes - have smooth scales
  • Snakes - legless and have flexible jaws to enable them to swallow their prey whole
  • Crocodiles and alligators - they are predators of fish, deers, small cows or carabaos even attack humans
• Alligators


  • Live in freshwater, found in North and south America
• Crocodiles


  • Live in fresh and salty water in tropical and subtropical regions
• Turtles and Tortoises


  • Enclosed in a shell, head, legs and tail are pulled inside this shell as protection from predators
• Tortoises


  Live on land
• Turtles


  Live mostly in water
• Turtles

  • Pawikan - live in the sea and females come to shore only to lay eggs
• Birds


  • Most birds are adapted to fly, presence of wings and feathers, large flight muscles in the breast bone, reduced weight, have eggs with shells and the legs are covered with scales
• Birds


  Their body temperature remains the same despite varying environmental temperature, have bills or beaks
• Birds

  • Philippine Eagle - found only in our country, endangered species
• Mammals


  • They have mammary glands that produce milk to nourish their young, most have hair or fur, they breathe in air, have four-chambered hearts and warm bloodied, most of them also give birth to live young and care for them
• Groups of Mammals

  • Monotremes - lay eggs similar to those of birds, include Spiny anteater and platypus
  • Marsupials - pouched mammals also give birth to live young, after birth, young are kept inside pouches and are nourished with milk, include kangaroo
  • Eutherians - comprise the largest group of mammal, placental mammals, they bear fully developed young inside the mother's uterus
• High Biodiversity


  When there are a few prominent species and a low number of other species within the habitat
• Low Biodiversity


  Means it has the greatest number of species living in it
• Causes of declining species


  • Habitat destruction
  • Invasion of introduced species
  • Population increase
  • Pollution
  • Overcollection/ overharvesting of resource
• Protecting and Conserving Biodiversity
• Neurons are specialized cells that transmit electrical signals throughout the nervous system.