previous sac notes

• what's a restriction endonuclease?

  an endonuclease that cuts DNA at a specific recognition site
• what does PCR stand for?

  Polymerase Chain Reaction
• what is PCR?

  a process used to amplify a specific piece of DNA, it copies specific segments in short periods of time. it is a reaction that is repeated many times
• name the heirachial structure of insulin?

  quaternary as it is not functional without 2 polypeptide chains bonded together to produce insulin
• Explain the role of the repressor protein in regulating the trp operon and, therefore the production of tryptophan, so that EcoR1 can be made by the cell?

  Repressor protein represses the synthesis of tryptophan by blocking the trp operon from being transcribed and the production of tryptophan is decreased
• Describe what Eco1 is and its role in creating a recombinant plasmid for DNA manipulation?

  it is a restriction enzyme that cuts the DNA at a specific DNA sequence to be inserted, if its successful then it results in a recombinant plasmid
• Was EcoR1 also used in this activity? Explain why or why not?

  eco r1 was not used because the distance was further away compared to another, closer restriction site, and my partner and I chose the other site
• In activity one (1) and two (2), the enzyme ligase was used. Identify what was used to represent ligase in activity two (2) and describe its role in creating recombinant plasmids?

  Tape was used in activity 2 to represent ligase, its role was to reverse the effect of endonuclease and glue/ stick the plasmid and DNA back together
• Refer to your results (logbook) of the bacterial transformation in activity one (1). Explain whether your results supported or rejected these predictions for each agar plate and suggest reasons for why/why not using your scientific knowledge and or scientific skills of the

  process?

  Plate one and two reject the hypothesis because the plasmids didn't take up the recombinant plasmid and didnt take up the ampicilin resistance gene which caused them to die

  Plate three supported the hypothesis because it was expected to have no growth as it was the controll variable
• Refer to your results (logbook) of the bacterial transformation in activity one (1). Explain whether your results supported or rejected these predictions for each agar plate and suggest reasons for why/why not using your scientific knowledge and or scientific skills of the

  process? plate 4?

  Plate four partially supported the hypothesis because it had partial growth and this was because the bacteria wasn't spread across the plate enough
• Label which lane has recombinant DNA using ECOR1 and justify your answer?

  lane 2 has eco r1 because of there are two bands showing the DNA was cut twice
• Explain why there is a forward and reverse primer required for this process and state whether or not the primers have the same or different sequence?

  because the primers attach to the 5' ends and

  move toward the 3' end for the separated DNA sequences and for one they attach to the start codon and for the second one they attach to the stop codon
• Identify if a negative or positive control used in activity three (3) and describe the role it played in this activity?

  there was a negative control group and its role was to compare what would happen if there was no catalase and if the experiment was successful or not
• Identify one controlled variable which may have not been controlled well and describe the effect of this on the outcome of this activity?

  the dish soap because it was getting stuck on the sides of the test tube and the soap is needed to make the foam so this would mean the amount of soap was most likely below the amount needed which will impact the amount of foam produced
• To improve this experiment, it should have been repeated multiple times. Explain how repeating this experiment is good scientific practice?

  Repeating the experiment decreases chances of random and personal

  error during the experiment as there would be more results to compare together to get a better idea of the truer value to help increase accuracy in the experiment
• 1. Insulin is a polypeptide hormone. What is the name of its monomer?

  amino acid