NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM

• Cerebrum


  It governs sensory and motor activity and thought and learning
• Cerebral Cortex - outer gray layer; it is divided into five lobes
• Frontal Lobe, Parietal Lobe, Temporal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Basal Ganglia - Five Lobe of Cerebral Cortex
• Frontal Lobe - Morals, emotions, reasoning and judgement, concentration, and abstraction
• Parietal Lobe - Interpretation of taste, pain, touch, temperature, and pressure
• Temporal Lobe - Auditory center

  Wemicke's area for sensory and speech
• Wemicke’s Area - Temporal Lobe area
• Occipital Area - Visual Area
• Basal Ganglia - Cell bodies in white matter that help in the cereral cortex produce smooth volntary movements
• Hypothalamus & Thalamus - Diencephalon
• Hypothalamus - Regulates autonomic responses c the symahetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
• Thalamus - Provides a pain gate. Part of the reticular activating system
• Midbrain, Pons, Medulla Oblongata - Brainstem
• Midbrain - Contains the visual reflex and auditory relay centers
• Pons - Contains the respiratory centers and regulates breathing
• Medulla Oblongata - Contains all afferent and efferent tracts and cardiac, respiratory, vomiting, and vasomotor centers
• Cerebellum - Coordinates smooth muscle movement posture, equilibrium and muscle tone
• Spinal Cord - Provides neurons and synape networks to produce involuntary responses to sensory stimulation
• Cerebrospinal Fluid & Adipose Tissue - Meninges that protected the spinal cord
• Horns - Inner column of gray matter; contains two anterior and two posterior horns
• Posterior Horns - connect with afferent (sensory) nerve fibers
• Anterior Horns - contain efferent (motor) never fibers
• Nerve Tract - White matter contains the nerve tract
• Sensory Pathway - Ascending tracts
• Descending Tract - Motor Pathway
• Dura Matter, Arachnoid Membrane, Subarachnoid Space, Pia Matter - Part of Meninges
• Dura Matter - Is the tough and fibrous membrane
• Arachnoid Membrane - Is the delicate membrane and contains cerebrospinal fluid
• Subarachnoid Space - formed by the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater
• Pia Matter - Is the vascular membrane
• Cerebrospinal Fluid - Acts as a protective cushion; aids in the exchange of nutrients and wastes
• 50 to 175 mm H20 - Normal pressure of CSF
• 125 to 150 ml - normal value of CSF
• Ventricles - communicate between the subarachnoid spaces and produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
• Blood Supply - These arteries supply the brain via an anastomosis at the base of the brain
• Circle of Willis - base of the brain called
• Acetylcholine

  Norepinephrine

  Dopamine Serotonin

  Amino Acids

  Polypeptides - Neurotransmitters
• Neurons -

  • Consists of the cell body, axons, and dendrites
  • Contains the nucleus
• Sensory Neurons -

  • Neurons carrying inpulses to the central nervous system (CNS) are called
• Motor Neurons -

  • Neurons carrying impluses away from the CNS are called