The lungs

• The pleural membrane is the serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity.
• 1. Nasal cavity

  Air passes through into and out of the lungs. 

  Lined with tiny nasal hairs to trap dust which protects 
• Nasal passages

  •Goblet cells produce mucus 

  •Mucus traps particles and dirt

  •Cilia move the mucus to the back of the nose (buccal cavity) it is then swallowed

  •The mucus also moistens the air

  •The blood vessels in the nose warm the air
• Passage connecting the nose and mouth to the oesophagus and trachea.

   

  ■Air then passes through the pharynx

  ■Past the epiglottis which prevents food from entering the trachea

  ■The larynx/voice box contains the vocal chords which vibrate causing sound
• Epiglottis

  A flap of cartilage behind the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe.
• Larynx

  Contains the muscles and ligaments of
• Trachea

  Tube leading from the pharynx (throat to the lungs. Supported by strong sections of C shaped cartilage to hold it open during the pressure changes of inspiration and expiration.

   

  ■Lined with ciliated epithelium and goblet cells

  ■The cilia trap particles /dirt and move the mucus up the trachea to be swallowed

  ■The trachea is supported by incomplete rings of cartilage to preve
• Bronchus

  A branch of the trachea. Smaller diameter than the trachea leading into each lung. Also has incomplete rings of cartilage to hold them open.

  Have muscular walls that allow them to constrict or dilate to vary the amount of air that enters or leaves the lungs.

   

  Also contain mucus (traps dust and pathogens) producing goblet cells. 

   

  And ciliated epithelial cells to remove the mucus.
• Bronchioles and bronchi

  A branch of a bronchus. Smaller

  diameter than the bronchus. Also has incomplete rings of cartilage to hold them open.

   

  Have muscular walls that allow them to constrict or dilate to vary the amount of air that enters or leaves the lungs.

   

  Also contain mucus (traps dust and pathogens) producing goblet cells. 

   

  And ciliated epithelial cells to remove the mucus.
• Aspire: Explain the processes of inspiration and expiration (LO2.2)

  Challenge: Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system (LO2.1)

  9.Alveoli
• Aspire: Explain the processes of inspiration and expiration (LO2.2)

  Challenge: Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system (LO2.1)

  10. Rib
• Aspire: Explain the processes of inspiration and expiration (LO2.2)

  Challenge: Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system (LO2.1)

  11. Intercostal muscle
• A dome-shaped muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals. It plays a major role in breathing, as its contraction increases the volume of the thorax and so inflates the lungs. - Diaphragm