feeding and eating disorder

• Feeding and Eating Disorders Key Features

  
  

  persistent disturbance of eating or eating-related behavior that results in the altered consumption or absorption of food that significantly impairs physical health or psychosocial functioning
• Bulimia Nervosa involves recurrent episodes of binge-eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting, excessive exercise, fasting, or laxative use to prevent weight gain.
• Anorexia Nervosa is characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even though the person may be underweight.
• Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) is characterized by frequent episodes of consuming large amounts of food with feelings of loss of control over eating during these episodes.
• Binge-Eating Disorder is characterized by recurrent episodes of consuming large amounts of food without control over intake, accompanied by feelings of guilt and distress.
• Binge-Eating Disorder (BED) is marked by frequent episodes of consuming large amounts of food with feelings of loss of control over eating during these periods.
• Rumination Disorder is characterized by repeated regurgitation and rechewing of previously swallowed food without nausea or discomfort.
• Pica is defined as the persistent eating of nonnutritive substances for at least one month, with an onset during infancy or childhood.
• Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is characterized by significant avoidance of certain foods due to sensory characteristics, lack of interest, concern about consequences, or perceived lack of hunger.
• Rumination Disorder occurs when infants regurgitate recently consumed food without apparent discomfort and then rechew it, swallow it again, or spit it out.
• Rumination Disorder occurs when individuals repeatedly regurgitate recently consumed food without nausea or discomfort, often rechewing and reswallowing it.
• Rumination Disorder is characterized by repeated regurgitation and rechewing of previously swallowed food for at least one month, resulting in poor nutrition and growth failure.
• Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is characterized by avoidance of certain foods due to sensory characteristics, lack of interest in food, or concern about consequences of eating, leading to malnutrition and interfering with normal activities.
• Rumination Disorder involves repeated regurgitation and rechewing of previously swallowed food.
• Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is characterized by avoidance of certain foods due to sensory characteristics, lack of interest, or concern about consequences of ingestion.
• Pica is persistent eating of nonnutritive, nonfood substances over a period of at least 1 month and is inappropriate to the developmental level of the individual. It is not part of a culturally supported or socially normative practice. If the eating behavior occurs in the context of another mental disorder or medical condition, it is sufficiently severe to warrant additional clinical attention.
• Prevalence of Pica, limited data suggest that the prevalence of pica is approximately 5% among school-age children. Roughly one-third of pregnant women, especially those food insecurity engage in pica. Conditions associated with pica include lack of available food and vitamin deficiency.
• Development and Course of Pica. Onset can occur in childhood, adolescence, or adulthood, although childhood onset is the most commonly reported. It can occur normally developing children, whereas in adults it appears more likely to occur in the context of intellectual developmental disorder or other mental disorder. The course of the disorder can be protracted and can result in medical emergencies (intestinal obstruction, acute weight loss, poisoning). The disorder can be potentially be fatal depending on substances ingested.
• Risk and Prognostic Factors of Pica.

  Environmental - Neglect, lack of supervision, and developmental delay can increase the risk for this condition.
• Comorbidity of Pica. Disorders most commonly comorbid with pica are autism spectrum disorder and intellectual developmental disorder and to a lesser degree, schizophrenia and OCD. Pica can be associated with trichotillomania (hair-pulling) and excoriation (skin-picking). The hair or skin is typically ingested. It can also associated with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder, particularly in individuals with strong sensory component to their presentation.
• Persistent eating of nonnutritive substances over a period of at least 1 month, which may involve repeated episodes of binge eating of these substances. This must not be restricted to substances considered culturally acceptable as food.