History - WW1; Assessment Task 1

Cards (40)

  • Who was apart of the Triple Alliance?
    Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
  • Who was apart of the Triple Entente?
    Britain, France and Russia
  • What is an Alliance?
    an alliance is an agreement between countries to provide military support if/when required --> support in times of conflict.
  • What is Mobilisation?
    mobilisation is the preparation of armed forces & resources.
  • What is Militarism?
    militarism is the value of a strong military force, used for national interests.
  • What happened to the alliances in 1915?
    Italy switched sides from the Triple Alliance to the Triple Entente
  • Why did Italy switch sides in WW1?
    Italy was guaranteed some territory in both Austria and the Ottoman Empire, this was formalised as the 'Treaty of London, 1915'
  • What is Imperialism?
    imperialism is the process of managing/exploiting one or more military forces for financial and strategic reasons.
  • What were the 4 main causes of war
    M - militarism
    A - alliances
    I - imperialism
    N - nationalism
  • Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
    Franz was the heir to the Austrian-Hungary throne. He was assassinated alongside his wife on the 28th of June 1914 by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo.
  • Who was Gavrilo Princip?
    A member of young Bosnia, he killed Archduke Franz Ferdinand causing the 'July Crisis' which lead to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia
  • What is Nationalism?
    nationalism is an extreme, often aggressive form of patriotism & loyalty to 1 nation.
  • Key ideas of Nationalism:
    • all members of a nation should be united in one country
    • the interests and reputation of a nation is more important than any other nations ("we're better than you")
  • Where did Australian soldiers fight in WW1?
    • Turkey (Gallipoli Campaign)
    • Western Front in Europe (Belgium & France)
    • Middle East: Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria
  • Significant battles:
    • Gallipoli Campaign
    • The battle of Somme
    • The battle of Lone Pine
  • Features of a Trench
    • deep altitude - no exposure to opposition
    • fire steps - for shooting at enemy
    • revetted with sticks - no collapse
    • sandbags - protection from enemy
    • sumps - to drain rainwater
  • How were trenches structured:
    Front line - battle & most dangerous
    Reserve - extra soldiers and supplies in rotation
    Support - medical equipment and other supplies
  • Trench diagram:
    Barbed wire, parapet, elbow rest, ammunition shelf, fire step, dugout, sandbags
  • Lice:
    issue: lice found in clothing, lice spread typhus
    management: popping/ burning by candle
  • Rats:
    issue: pests, ate dead bodies and crumbs, carry disease
    management: cats & terriers were kept around to hunt the vermin
  • Food:
    food was poor quality and very salty leading to dehydration
    treat foods included: jams and cigarettes
  • Gas:
    gases used: chlorine and mustard gas
    Chlorine caused frothing and suffocation - soldiers drowned on lungs
    Mustard caused blistered skin and blindness
    management: gas-masks for both soldiers and animals
    fact: gas was effectively spread via wind.
  • Shell shock (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder)
    symptoms: anxiety, terror, constant state of alarm
    issues: no mental health support, family life impacted
    fact: many soldiers ended up in psychological institutions & many couldn't ever integrate back into society
  • Trench foot / gangrene infection
    symptoms: peeling of skin, numb, spreads
    cause: constant contact with water
    management: amputation
  • Camaraderie:
    acts as a support network to soldiers
    sing, talk, write to home
    created lifelong friendships (trauma bond)
  • Battle of Gallipoli:
    • landed 25th of April, 1915
    • over 50,000 troops fought here & 8,000 died here
    • goal - gain an access route to russia
    • mission declared unsuccessful after 8 months (no progress)
  • Problems in Gallipoli?

    Landed 2 km further north than we should have
    Environmental disadvantage - (Lower ground/ turkish firing above)
    Turkish had underwater mines and pre-made forts around Peninsula
  • What is enfilade fire
    gunfire directed at a formation or position
  • what is the difference between M.A.I.N
    M - militarism; value of strong military
    A - alliances; agreements between countries to provide support
    I - imperialism; managing one or more military forces
    N - nationalism; aggressive loyalty to one nation
  • What does the P in POCMAR stand for?
    P - Perspective
  • What does the O in POCMAR stand for?
    O - Origin
  • What does the C in POCMAR stand for?
    C - Content
  • What does the M in POCMAR stand for?
    M - Motive
  • What does the A in POCMAR stand for?
    A - Audience
  • What does the R in POCMAR stand for?
    R - Reliablity
  • Why did M.A.I.N cause WW1?
    Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism and Nationalism created tension and competition as the powers advanced. After buildup this tension eventually lead to the powers declaring war.
  • Why are trenches zig-zagged rather then straight?
    • prevents enfilade fire
    • contains explosion and infiltration to a smaller radius
  • Why are trenches zig-zagged rather than straight?

    To prevent enfilade fire, and to contain any explosion or infiltration to a smaller radius.
  • Reasons for australia's enlistment?

    Loyalty to the british empire, and our mother country
  • reasons for soldiers enlistment
    • Money - stable salary
    • FOMO - Fear of missing out
    • Travel the world
    • Social Pressure to enlist