FINALLLLLLLLL: Health lifestyle 3

• Stressors:

  Mental state or events that trigger physical psychological reactions
• Response to stressors P and P:

  Physical:

  • Nervous
  • Endocrine

  Physiological:

  • Determined by personality and Temperament
• Response to Stressors (C+P)

  Personality:

  • Affects cognitive, behavioral, and emotional tendencies.
  • Perceptions and reactions to stressors(Health effects)

  Gender:

  • Women report higher levels of stress than men

  Experience:

  • Good or bad past experiences guide how people respond to similar situations.
• General Adaptation Syndrome

  Eustress: Brought on by a pleasant creators

  Distress: Brought on by an unpleasant stressor
• General Adaptation Syndrome(Stage)

  GAS:

  • Alarm
  • Resistance(Fight or flight)
  • Exhaustion(Release of stress)
• Allostatic Load

  • The wear and tear on the body that results from long-term exposure to related chronic stress
  • Depends: Genetics, life experience, emotional + behavior reports, etc
• Health problems with stress

  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Psychological disease
  • Depression, panic attacks, anxiety, eating disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)
• Additionally health problems:

  • Altered immune function
  • Headaches
  • Digestive problems
  • Injuries
  • Menstrual irregular, Impotence(Erect dysfunction), pregnancy complications
• Common Sources of Stress

  • Major life changes
  • Daily stressors/Hassel
  • Colledge stressors
  • Job-Related stressors
  • Social stressors
  • Environmental stressors
  • Internal stressors
• Managing stress

  Support system:

  • Foster friendships
  • Family ties strong
  • Involved with a group

  Communication skills:

  • Communicate assertively
  • Avoid suppressing feelings or expressing aggressively

  Develop health exercise and eating habits
• Time Management

  • Set priorities
  • Set realistic goals
  • Budget enough times
  • Visualize achievement 
  • Track tasks you put off
  • Do least-favorite tasks first 
  • Consolidates task
  • Say no when necessary
  • Take breaks
  • Just do it!
• Counterproductive coping strategies

  • Tobacco use should be avoided
  • Alcohol and other drugs
  • Unhealthy eating habits are sometimes developed 
• Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

  • Safety and Security
  • Love and belongingness
  • Self-esteem
  • Acceptance
  • Authenticity
  • Capacity for intimacy 
  • Creativity
• Martin Seligman's valid dimensions

  Happiness=3 equally valid dimensions:

  • Pleasant life
  • Engaged life 
  • Meaningful life
• What psychological health is not:

  • Seeking help does not prove someone is psychologically unhealthy or, mentally ill
  • Psychological health can't be judged on outward appearance
• Achieving Health Self-esteem

  • sense of being loved and being able to give love 
  • Stability
  • Acknowledge when something has gone wrong
  • Notice your thinking and avoid focusing on the negative 
  • Develop realistic self-talk
• Optimism vs Pessimism

  • Pessimism: A focus on the negative and the unfavorable 
  • Optimism: A tendency to emphasize the hopeful and expect a favorable
• Social Media

  Social Balance:

  • Consider whether social media is helping you feel connected or leading to a feeling of being left out 

  Dealing with loneliness:

  • Discover how to enjoy being by yourself
• Anxiety disorder:

  Anxiety: fear that is not in repose to any definite

  Specific phobia: Fear of something definite

  Social anxiety disorder: fear of humiliation or embarrassment while being observed by others 

  Panic disorder: Unexpected surge in anxiety, regularly

  • Panic attacks: Brief surges of overwhelming anxiety
• Anxiety Disorder (Gad and OCD):

  Generalized anxiety disorder(GAD): Excessive uncontrollable worry about multiple issues 

  Obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD): Uncontrollable recurring thoughts and the performing of senseless rituals 

  • Obsessions: Recurrent, unwanted thoughts or impulses
  • Compulsions: Repetitive, difficult-to-resist actions
• Treatment for anxiety:

  • Medications
  • Psychological interventions
• Mood disorders

  • Depression: characterized by loss of interest, sadness, hopelessness, loss of appetite, disturbed sleep, and other physical symptoms
  • A combination of drug therapy and psychotherapy 
  • Bipolar disorder: A mental illness characterized by alternating periods of depression
• Schizophrenia

  A devastating mental disorder that affects thinking and perceptions of reality
• Schizophrenia:

  General characters:

  • Disorganized thoughts
  • Delusions
  • Auditory hallucinations
  • Deteriorating social and work functions 

  Because of the Risk of suicide, professional help, and medications are necessary
• Life-enhancing measures age-proofing

  Develop physical fitness:

  Enhances: Phycological and physical health

  • Avoid inactivity
  • 150 minutes of physical activity a week
  • Muscle-strengthening
  • Specific guidelines for older adults
• Life-Enhancing measures: Age-Proofing:

  Other:

  •Eat wisely

  •Maintain a healthy weight

  •Control drinking and overdependence on medications

  •Don’t smoke

  •Schedule physical examinations to detect treatable diseases

  •Recognize and reduce stress
• Psychological and Mental changes

  • Grief
  • Physical, psychological, and emotional health consequences
  • May require professional help
  • Depression
  • Suicide(Common)
• Life in an aging America

  Aging minority= Age 65 and over a large minority

  • The elderly live below or near the poverty level:
  • Health care remains the largest expense.
  • Income is often reduced to the subsistence level
  • many use social security as a main source of income
  • Perceptions of meaning old is changing
• Government aid and policies

  Programs are in place to help older Americans.

  • Food stamps
  • Housing subsides
  • Social security
• Government aid and policies

  Medicare: Health insurance for the elderly and the disabled

  Medicaid: Used when other resources are exhausted
• Death

  • Challenges= Intellectual security + Emotional
  • Role of religion
  • No completely satisfying answer to why death exists
• Planning for Death

  • Making a will:
  • Legal instrument expressing a person intention and wish for the disposition of their property after death.
• Considering Options for End-of-Life Care

  Hospice programs

  • Compassionate care for those in final phase of terminal illness
  • 6 months or less
• Planning funeral or memorial service

  • Deposition of the body
  • Burial
  • Cremation
  • Embalming for a viewing or wake
  • Arranging a service
  • Memorial service
  • Funeral ceremony
• Coping with Imminent death

  • Awareness of dying:
  • Balancing honesty and hope
  • Task of coping:
  • Kubler-Ross
  • Five psychological stages: Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
• Coping with Loss

  The course of grief:

  • Highly individual
  • The death of a loved one is a severe physical + emotional stressor.
  • Characterized by anxiety
  • Time goes on: bereaved reintegrate back into his or her own social world