WEEK 3: BEGINNINGS

• Penis

  • Three columns of erectile tissue, urethra passes through penis
  • Male reproductive organ and urinating organ
• Urethra

  • Connects bladder to outside body, 8 inches long
  • Tubular structure that is the passage of urine and sperm
• Scrotum

  • It is a ball of sack that protects the testis from outside the body
• Testis

  • Inside scrotum, outside of body
  • Produces sperm and male sex hormones (androgens/testosterone)
• Vas deferens

  •  Muscular tubes connecting epididymis to ejaculatory ducts to move sperm
• Prostate Gland

  • Surrounds urethra below urinary bladder
  • Stores and secretes seminal fluids
• Seminal Vesicles

  • Structure attached to vas deferens near the base of urinary bladder
• Epididymis

  • Tight duct lying outside each testis connecting to vas deferens
  • Storage and maturation of sperm
• Bulbourethral Glands

  • Pea sized organs posterior to prostate on either side of  urethra
  • Secretes seminal fluids called pre-ejaculate, this helps lubricate the urethra for sperms to pass through and to flash out residual urine
• Clitoris

  • Sensory organ
• Mons Pubis

  • Fatty area overlying pubic bone
• Labia Majora

  • Covers labia minora
• Labia Minora

  • Covers vestibule
• Greater vestibular glands

  • Secrete mucus, lubricates vagina
• Breast

  • Produces and delivers milk
• Ovaries

  • Carry and develop eggs
• Oviducts

  • Transport egg to uterus
• Uterus

  • Supports developing embryo
• Vagina

  • Tube for intercourse, birth canal, passages for menstrual flow
• Egg Cells (ova)

  • Produced in the female ovaries
  • Large, round cells packed with nutrients to nourish the developing embryo
• Sperm Cells

  • Produced in male testes
  • Tiny, tadpole-shaped cells with long tail for swimming and head containing genetic material
• Natural Conception

  • Achieved through sexual intercourse, when sperm fertilizes an egg inside woman’s body
• Assisted Reproductive Technology

  • Broad range of medical procedures to help people with fertility problems
• Vitro Fertilization

  • Mature eggs are retrieved from woman’s ovaries, sperm cells fertilize eggs in a lab dish, then the fertilized egg is implanted into the woman’s uterus
• Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection

  • Single sperm cell is injected into mature egg to achieve fertilization, often used when theres sperm quality issue
• Intrauterine Insemination

  • Washed sperm are placed directly in woman’s uterus around the time of ovulation, increasing chances of fertilization
• Cells

  • Fundamental block of all living things
  • Cells carry out activities of life–obtaining nutrients, growing, reproducing, and carrying out specialized functions
• Chromosomes

  • Found in cell nucleus, thread-like structures made up of dna and protein
  • Package/organize dna within cell
• DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

  • Genetic material, long twisted helix molecule that stores hereditary information
  • Carries instruction for building an organism'
• Genes

  • Specific segments of dna that codes for particular protein or molecule
• Mitosis

  • Cell division process creates two genetically identical daughter cells from single parent cells
• Meiosis

  • Specialized cell division which produces four genetically distinct haploid daughter cells from single diploid parent cell
• Genotype 

  • Organism’s genetic information
• Phenotype

  • Set of observable physical traits
• Allele

  • 2 or more alternative forms of gene that occupy the same position on paired chromes and affect same trait
• Homozygous

  • Possessing two identical alleles for a trait
• Heterozygous

  • Possessing differing alleles for a trait
• Dominant inheritance

  • When a child receives different allele, and only one dominant is expressed
• Recessive Inheritance

  • When a child receives identical recessive alleles, resulting in expression of a nondominant trait
• Trisomy 13

  • serious genetic condition that occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 13 instead of the usual two copies.