Medical Administration

• Types of Drug Preparation

  • Elixir
  • Gel or jelly
  • Liniment
  • Lozenge (troche)
  • Ointment
  • Powder
  • Suppository
  • Syrup
  • Tablet
  • Transdermal patch
• Elixir


  A sweetened and aromatic solution of alcohol used as a vehicle for medicinal agents
• Gel or jelly


  A clear or translucent semisolid that liquefies when applied to the skin
• Gel or jelly


  • Petroleum jelly
• Liniment


  A medication mixed with alcohol, oil, or soapy emollient and applied to the skin
• Liniment


  • Masakit kasu-kasuan
  • Efficascent oil
  • Katinko
• Lozenge (troche)


  A flat, round, or oval preparation that dissolves and releases a drug when held in the mouth
• Lozenge (troche)


  • Strepsils (may types, for dry cough ganun) q4°
• Ointment


  A semisolid preparation of one or more drugs used for application to the skin and mucus membrane
• Ointment


  • Kapag may eczema
• Powder


  A finely ground drug or drugs; some are used internally, others externally
• Powder


  • Dinudurog, kasi di keri ng px ung solid (pwede i request sa pharmacy, nakapapel na powdered form. pde ihalo sa water tas ipainom)
• Suppository


  One or several drugs mixed with a firm base such as gelatin and shaped for insertion into the body (e.g., the rectum); the base dissolves gradually at body temperature, releasing the drug
• Suppository


  • Do not drink it in the mouth. For mahirap lumunok, adult and pedia. Nakaside ang administration
• Syrup


  An aqueous solution of sugar often used to disguise unpleasant-tasting drugs
• Syrup


  • Sweetened para mainom ng px (mamask lasa ng gamot)
• Tablet


  A powdered drug compressed into a hard small disc; some are readily broken along a scored line; others are enteric coated to prevent them from dissolving in the stomach
• Tablet


  • Solid with score, may hati ganun. ½ tablet, nasa score hati. Enteric coated, purpose is para di matunaw tablet in bunganga dapat sa stomach.
• Transdermal patch


  A semipermeable membrane shaped in the form of a disc or patch that contains a drug to be absorbed through the skin over a long period of time
• Transdermal patch


  • Dinidikit sa skin(transdermal), salonpas gamot na kasama sa patch. Wag hahawakan ung ididkit edi napunta sayo ung gamot?! Careful lang.
• Types of Doctor's Order

  • STAT order
  • Single order
  • Standing order
  • PRN order
• STAT order


  Indicates that the medication is to be given immediately and only once
• Single order


  Or "one-time order", is for medication to be given once at a specified time
• Standing order


  May or may not have a termination date. A standing order may be carried out indefinitely until an order is written to cancel it, or it may be carried out for a specified number of days
• PRN order


  Permits the nurse to give a medication when, in the nurse's judgment, the client requires it
• STAT order


  • Epinephrine-tumibok puso. Now/STAT
• Single order


  • Paracetamol, 1 tab at 4pm. Single Order.
• Standing order


  • Paracetamol (Biogesic) 500mg 1 tablet q4°
• PRN order


  • Paracetamol (Biogesic) 500mg 1 tablet (now/STAT) for temp (more than) > 37.8 C°
• Essential parts of a drug order: full name, generic name, dosage, frequency, route, signature of dr.
• Effects of the Drug

  • Therapeutic effect
  • Side effect
  • Drug allergy
  • Anaphylactic reaction
  • Drug tolerance
  • Drug abuse
  • Drug dependence
• Therapeutic effect


  The primary effects intended, that is the reason the drug is prescribed. Also called "desired effect".
• Side effect


  The effect of the drug that is unintended effect. Also called "secondary effect".
• Drug allergy


  The immunologic reaction to the drug.
• Anaphylactic reaction


  A severe allergic reaction which usually occurs immediately following administration of the drug.
• Drug tolerance


  A decreased physiologic response to the repeated administration of a drug or chemically related substance. Excessive increase in the dosage is required in order to maintain the desired therapeutic effect.
• Drug abuse


  Inappropriate intake of a substance, either continually or periodically.
• Drug dependence


  A person's reliance to take a drug or substance. Intense physical or emotional disturbance is produced if the drug is withdrawn.
• Drug interaction


  Effect of one drug on another drug
• Drug antagonism


  Conjoint effect of two drugs is less than the drug acting separately.