NRSG 122 FINALS 2024

• Role of the Nurse in Teaching and Learning

  • Create an environment to facilitate learning
  • Use a patient-centered approach
  • Assess the learning needs of the patient
  • Use the most appropriate educational strategy
• Why is teaching/learning important?

  • Discipline
  • To better patient care
  • To advocate for patients
• What types of nurses educate/teach?

  • RNs
  • Educators
  • Research
  • Instructors
  • Clinical instructors
• Teaching Process


  1. Assessment

  2. Planning

  3. Implementation

  4. Evaluation
• Determinants of Learning


  • Learning needs (WHAT the learned needs to learn)
  • Readiness to Learn (WHEN the learned is receptive to learning)
  • Learning style (HOW the learned best learns)
• WHAT: Assessment of Learning Needs


  • Identify the learners
  • Choose the appropriate setting
  • Collect data from the learners
  • Involve other members of the HC team as needed
  • Prioritize learning needs
• WHEN: Readiness to Learn/ Ability to Learn

  • Physical
  • Emotional
  • Intellectual
  • Experiential/Knowledge Readiness
  • Developmental
  • SDOH
• Domains of Learning


  • Cognitive
  • Affective
  • Psychomotor
• Cognitive Learning Domain

  • Remembering
  • Understanding
  • Applying
  • Analyzing
  • Evaluating
  • Creating
• Affective Learning Domain

  • Receiving
  • Responding
  • Valuing
  • Organizing
  • Characterizing
• Psychomotor Learning Domain

  • Perception
  • Set
  • Guided response
  • Mechanism
  • Complex overt response
  • Adaptation
  • Origination
• Learning Styles Assessment


  • Kolb's
  • VAK visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile
• Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory


  • Theory explores how we learn from experiences
  • Learning is viewed as a continual problem-solving process
  • Practical self-assessment instrument to help us assess our own preferred approach to learning
• Kolb's Four Stage Cycle

  • Concrete experience
  • Active experimentation
  • Reflective observation
  • Abstract conceptualization
• Kolb's Learning Styles


  • Convergent
  • Divergent
  • Assimilative
  • Accommodative
• Behaviorism


  • Learning as reflected in changes in behavior
  • Knowledge is transmitted and received
  • Learning and behavior change happens when correct behavior is rewarded
  • Nurses are transmitters of information and patients are passive receivers
• Cognitivism


  • Based on Piaget and Anderson's work
  • Learning is a complex cognitive activity
  • Mental, intellectual, or thinking process
  • Patients learn through mental processing
• Humanism


  • Ability to improve life through reason and ingenuity
  • Learners, not teachers, choose what is to be learned
  • No submitting to tradition and authority
  • Humanism is change in the person – a holistic, dynamic process of interaction between the learner and their environment
• Nurses are teachers: Why teach?

  • Increase and build upon patient autonomy
  • Provide a safe care
  • Share recent evidence-based skills
  • Increase quality of life
  • Decrease anxiety
• What do nurses teach?

  • Self care
  • Teach other students, or other nurses
• Patient Education


  • Educating patients is one of the most important roles for nurses
  • Patient education is especially important in view of the current trend of shorter hospital stays, increased demands on nurses' time, and more patients with acute conditions and chronically ill patients
  • Nurses are not only a primary source of information but also often clarify information other health care providers
• Behaviorism


  • Patient's learn through practice, re-shaping what is learned, positive experiences
  • Nurses' role is like the supervisor (create a series of steps in programed instructions with a predefined end)
  • Patients change their behavior because they feel good about learning
  • Patient / learner is viewed as passive and dependent on the teacher
• Cognitivism


  • Main focus is intelligence
  • The patient is active, not the nurses. Patients learn through mental processing (how information is processed)
  • Enabling the learner to discover learning
  • Everyone learns differently
  • Patients acquire strategies to process information
  • Importance of social, emotional, and physical contexts
  • Change mental behavior
• Examples of Teaching Strategies for Cognitivism

  • Rehearsals
  • Visuals
  • Repetition
  • Review / Summarise
  • Mind mapping tools
• Humanism


  • Remembering information and using it in other situations happens when curiosity is encouraged and when the learner is in an environment where the individual is respected, and freedom of choice is respected
  • Learners, not teachers, choose what is to be learned
  • No submitting to tradition and authority
  • Humanism is change in the person – a holistic, dynamic process of interaction between the learner and their environment
• Motivational theory


  • Motivation to act stems from each person's needs, feelings, about the self, and the desire to grow in positive ways
  • Need inspiration, hope, incentive, ambition, wish, and dream
• Factors that affect learning

  • Age and developmental stage
  • Motivation
  • Readiness to learn
  • Active involvement
  • Relevance
  • Feedback
  • Nonjudgement support
  • Simple to complex
  • Repetition
  • Timing
  • Environment
  • Emotions
  • Cultural barriers
  • Psychomotor ability
• Informatics


  • Describes the evolving science of information, technology and nursing practice
  • Use of computerized systems that processing data for storage and retrieval
• Nursing informatics


  • Integration of nursing science and practice with management of information and communication technologies
  • Started off as - application of computer technology to all fields of nursing and has evolved into the science and practice which integrates nursing, its information and knowledge, with communication technologies
• Informatics Nurse Specialist


  A nurse specialist who integrates nursing science, computer science and information science to manage and communicate data information and knowledge in nursing practice - understands the process behind the use of certain technologies
• What are the benefits of information technology?

  • Faster & More Accurate Access to Patient Records
  • Increased Efficiency and Productivity (time-saving)
  • Improved Access to Care
  • Patient Empowerment and Education
  • Communication between facilities
  • Increased Mobility
  • Research and Data Analysis/ Statistics
  • Consistency of care / avoid duplication, and reducing risk
• Refer to this revised document in "REGISTERED NURSE ENTRY-LEVEL COMPETENCIES- 2. Professional: 2.8 Demonstrates professional judgment to ensure social media and information and communication technologies (ICTs) are used in a way that maintains public trust in the profession

  
• Ethical and Professional Responsibilities

  • Privacy and Confidentiality: Collect information on a need-to-know basis
  • Do not access information that is inconsistent with your professional responsibilities
  • Do not disclose information without client consent or a legal obligation unless there is a substantial risk of significant harm to the health or safety of the client
• Benefits of information technology in healthcare


  • Faster & More Accurate Access to Patient Records
  • Increased Efficiency and Productivity (time-saving)
  • Improved Access to Care
  • Patient Empowerment and Education
  • Communication between facilities
  • Increased Mobility
  • Research and Data Analysis/ Statistics
  • Consistency of care / avoid duplication, and reducing risk
• Ethical and Professional Responsibilities

  • Privacy and Confidentiality
  • Collect information on a need-to-know basis
  • Do not access information that is inconsistent with your professional responsibilities
  • Do not disclose information without client consent or a legal obligation unless there is a substantial risk of significant harm to the health or safety of the client or others
• All health care professionals, including nurses and nursing students are bound by the eHealth Personal Health Information Access and Protection of Privacy Act. This provides information about how and why personal health information can be collected and used

  
• Downsides of nursing informatics

  • Privacy and confidentiality
  • Inclusivity is bad
  • Lose therapeutic connections
  • Expensive
• There is one important way that CNA attempts to standardize nursing language is to establish essential nursing data – data that helps us make decisions about client care and evaluate its effectiveness
• HI:NC (Health Information: Nursing Components)

  The most important pieces of data about nursing care provided to the client during a healthcare episode

  
• HI:NC Components


  • Patient status – health status of patients
  • Nursing interventions – actions of nurses meant to bring about positive results
  • Patient outcomes – defining patient status at various points in treatment to determine effect of interventions
  • Nursing resource intensity – amount and type of nursing required
  • Primary nurse identifier - would enable measurement of the impact of nursing practice including nurses' role in contributing to safe and effective health and care practices, variations in direct nursing care time, assessing the cost per patient and enhancing enterprise resource planning