WEEK 2: ayoko na

• Description 


  Describe Behavior, emphasizes the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors that influence development across all stages of life.
• Explanation 


  Explain Behavior; to uncover mechanisms and processes that drive growth and change
• Prediction


  to anticipate outcomes and trajectories based on early experiences, characteristic, environmnet
• Intervention


  to promote positive outcomes by implementing strategies supporting growth
• Social Construction


  Concept/practice that may appear natural to those who accept it but is an invention of particular culture/society
• Development 


  Pattern of change that begins at conception and continues through life span, includes growth and decline (aging and dying)
• Human Development


  Scientific study of processes of change & stability throughout the human life span

  It is a broad term that encompasses the physical, cognitive, and psychosocial changes that occur throughout a person's entire life.
• Life-span Development


  Concept of human development as lifelong process, can be studied scientifically

  specific field within human development that focuses on patterns/processes of change that occur throughout the lifespan.

  It emphasizes the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social factors that influence development across all stages of life.
• Physical Development


  Growth of body and brain, patterns of change in sensory, motor, and health
• Cognitive Development


  Pattern of change in mental abilities, e.g. learning, attention, memory, language
• 1. Psychosocial Development 


  pattern of change in emotions, personality, relationships
• Social Construction


  Concept/practice that may appear natural to those who accept it but is an invention of particular culture/society
• Nuclear Family


  Refers to family unit consisting of two parents, and their children living together in the same household
• Extended Family


  refers to a family structure that includes not only parents and children but also other relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.
• Influences on Development


  Comes from both heredity and environment

  Changes during childhood are related to maturation

  Individual differences increase with age
• Individual Differences


  Differences in characteristics, influences, or development outcomes
• Maturation 


  Unfolding of natural sequence of physical/behavioral changes
• Heredity 


  inborn traits or charactersitcs inherited from biological parents that influences development
• Environment 


  experiential influence of development
• Risk Factors


  Conditions that increase the likelihood of experiencing negative developmental outcomes on well-being
• Socioeconomic Status (SES)


  determined by family income, education, and occupations.

  influences developmental processes through living conditions, access to resources like nutrition, healthcare, and schooling.
• Polygamy


  a marital system in which an individual is married to multiple spouses simultaneously.
• Polygyny 


  one husband, multiple wives
• Polyandry


  one wife, multiple husbands
• Culture 


  A society’s way of life, customs, traditions, beliefs, values, language, and physical products passed on from parents to children
• Individualistic Culture


  People tend to prioritize personal goals ahead of collective goals, views themselves as distinct individuals
• Collectivistic Culture


  People tend to prioritize collaborative social goals ahead of individual goals and to view themselves in context of social relationships
• Ethnicity


  Refers to cultural heritage, traditions, customs, and practices shared by group of people
• Race


  Refers to physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features
• Ethnic Group


  Group united by ancestry, race, religion, language, or natural origin
• Intersectionality 


  Concept that highlights how various social identities such as race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, and SES intersect and interact to shape individual experiences of privilege disadvantage and discrimination
• Ethnic Gloss


  Term that refers to practice of using labels or generalizations to describe ethnocultural groups
• Historical Context


  Factors such as cultural shifts, economic changes, technological advancements, and historical events influence people’s lives
• Normative Influence


  Influences that most people in particular age group/historical period will experience
• Normative Age-Graded Influences


  Events or experiences that are typical or expected at certain ages for most people in a society
•  Normative History-Graded Influences


  Refers to events or experiences that are common to people of a particular generation due to historical context in which they live
• Historical Generation


  Refers to group of individuals who were born and lived during the same historical period or era
• Cohort


  Group of individuals who share particular characteristic or experience in common, based on factors such as age, birth year or life experiences
• Nonnormative Influence


  Influences that are unique or unexpected and don't happen to everyone in the same way
• Imprinting 


  form of learning in which a young animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees