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• RA 9003 - Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000


  Law that mandates the implementation of solid waste management in the Philippines

  
• SWM implementation hierarchy


  1. Waste avoidance and reduction

  2. Product reuse

  3. Increased product durability

  4. Reduced material use in production

  5. Decreased consumption
• Waste avoidance and reduction

  • Ultimate goal is to reduce the amount of materials entering the waste stream
  • Behavioral change is deemed necessary as lifestyle demands often favor convenience over conservation with minimal regard for long-term environmental consequences
• Initiatives towards waste reduction

  • Green procurement
  • Eco-labeling
  • Identification of non-environmentally acceptable products
  • Implementation of 3Rs

  
• Green Procurement Program (GPP)

  Approach to procurement in which environmental impacts are taken into account in purchasing decisions
• National Eco-Labeling Program (NELP)


  Systematic and comprehensive program to support green procurement policy in government and the general public
• No product has yet been determined as non-environmentally acceptable (NEA) under RA 9003
• Functional elements of Solid Waste Management (SWM)

  • Source Generation
  • Storage
  • Transport/Transfer
  • Treatment
  • Disposal

  
• Solid waste


  Wastes that aren't liquid or gaseous, such as durable goods, nondurable goods, containers and packaging, food scraps, yard trimmings, and miscellaneous inorganic wastes

  
• Municipal solid waste (MSW)


  Solid waste from residential, commercial, institutional, and industrial sources, but it does not include such things as construction waste, automobile bodies, municipal sludges, combustion ash, and industrial process wastes

  
• Garbage/Food waste


  Animal and vegetable residue resulting from the preparation, cooking, and serving of food
• Rubbish


  Old tin cans, newspaper, tires, packaging materials, bottles, yard trimmings, plastics, and so forth. Both combustible and noncombustible solid wastes are included, but rubbish does not include garbage.

  
• Trash


  The combustible portion of rubbish
• Generation


  The amounts of materials and products that enter the waste stream, excluding activities that reduce the amount or toxicity of wastes before they enter the municipal waste system

  
• Materials recovery


  The removal of materials from the wastestream for purposes of recycling or composting
• Discards


  The solid waste remaining after materials are removed for recycling or composting. These are materials that are burned or buried.

  
• Sources of municipal solid waste (MSW)

  • Residential
  • Commercial
  • Institutional
  • Industrial

  
• Residential waste constitutes the bulk (56.7%) of MSW

  
• Commercial sources contribute 27.1% of MSW
• Institutional sources account for about 12.1% of MSW
• Industrial or manufacturing sector contributes 4.1% of MSW
• Composition of municipal solid waste (MSW)

  • Biodegradable wastes (52.31%)
  • Recyclable wastes (27.78%)
  • Special wastes (1.93%)
  • Residuals (17.98%)

  
• Biodegradable wastes comprise about half (52.31%) of MSW, with 86.2% coming from food scraps and 13.8% from leaves and twigs
• Recyclable wastes account for almost a third (27.78%) of MSW, with plastic packaging materials comprising around 38%, paper and cardboard waste 31%, and the remaining 31% made up of metals, glass, textile, leather and rubber

  
• Special wastes which consist of household healthcare waste, WEEE, bulky waste and other hazardous materials contribute 1.93% of MSW

  
• Residuals make up 17.98% of generated MSW, with about 12% being inert materials
• Waste generation rates in the Philippines


  • Metro Manila: 0.69 kg/capita/day
  • Metro Manila and some HUCs: 0.69 kg/capita/day
  • Other cities and provincial capitals: 0.50 kg/capita/day
  • Philippines (nationwide): 0.40 kg/capita/day
  • All LGUs excluding Metro Manila: 0.34 kg/capita/day
  • Municipalities: 0.31 kg/capita/day

  
• The average per capita waste generation rate for the Philippines is 0.40 kg/capita/day

  
• The yearly amount of waste in the Philippines is expected to increase from 13.48 million tons in 2010 to 14.66 million tons in 2014 to 16.63 million tons in 2020

  
• Metro Manila's waste generation continues to increase, contributing 22.1%, 23.1%, and 24.1% to the country's solid waste in 2010, 2014, and 2020 respectively

  
• Segregation at source and segregated storage

  Practices where solid wastes are separated into different categories at the point of generation to facilitate recycling, composting or proper disposal
• Some LGUs provide segregated waste containers and implement color codes to aid in the easy identification of segregated bins
• NSWMC Resolution No. 60 provides recommendatory measures for mandatory solid waste segregation at source, segregated collection and recovery

  
• Some LGUs have strictly enforced segregation at source coupled with segregated collection, through a "no segregation, no collection" ordinance and the operation of Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs)
• In communities and businesses, most solid wastes end up as "mixed garbage"
• Reasons for mixed garbage

  • Limited awareness, appreciation and discipline on the part of the citizenry
  • Lack of incentives and enforcement ordinances on the part of the government
  • Inadequate support facilities in place to receive pre-segregated materials
• Addressing the problem of mixed garbage

  1. LGUs provide segregated waste containers

  2. LGUs implement color codes to aid in the easy identification of segregated bins

  3. NSWMC approved Resolution No. 60 to provide recommendatory measures for mandatory solid waste segregation at source, segregated collection and recovery

  4. LGUs strictly enforce segregation at source coupled with segregated collection, through a "no segregation, no collection" ordinance and the operation of MRFs

  5. DENR's ENRMP aimed at identifying and selecting LGUs with promising initiatives and regularly monitoring its compliance and performance

  
• Collection


  The act of removing solid waste from the source or from a communal storage point

  
• RA 9003 requires segregated collection by the LGUs
• Waste collection techniques


  • Door-to door
  • Block or communal