Medterm

• Major structures of the digestive system

  • Mouth
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Stomach
  • Small Intestine
  • Large Intestine
  • Rectum and Anus
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
• Mouth


  Begins preparation of food for digestion
• Pharynx


  Transports food from the mouth to the esophagus
• Esophagus


  Transports food from the pharynx to the stomach
• Stomach


  Breaks down food and mixes it with gastric juices
• Small Intestine


  Completes the digestion and absorption of most nutrients
• Large Intestine


  Absorbs excess water, and prepares solid waste for elimination
• Rectum and Anus


  Control the excretion of solid waste
• Liver


  Secretes bile & enzymes to aid in the digestion of fats
• Gallbladder


  Stores bile, and releases it into the small intestine as needed
• Pancreas


  Secretes digestive juices and enzymes into the small intestine as needed
• Medical specialties related to the digestive system

  • Dentist
  • Orthodontist
  • Gastroenterologist
  • Proctologist
• Dentist


  Holds a Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) or Doctor of Medical Dentistry (DMD) Degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of teeth and tissues of the oral cavity
• Orthodontist


  Is a dental specialist in the prevention or correction of abnormalities in the positioning of the teeth and related facial structures
• Gastroenterologist


  A physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the stomach and intestines
• Proctologist


  Specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum and anus
• Pathology of the digestive system


  • Aphthous ulcers
  • Herpes labialis
  • Cheilosis
  • Leukoplakia
  • Stomatomycosis
  • Cleft lip
  • Cleft palate
  • Bruxism
  • Dental calculus
  • Dental caries
  • Dental plaque
  • Gingivitis
  • Halitosis
  • Edentulous
  • Malocclusion
  • Dysphagia
  • Gastroesophageal reflux disease
  • Hiatal hernia
  • Pyrosis
  • Gastritis
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Gastrorrhea
  • Peptic ulcer
  • Anorexia
  • Anorexia nervosa
  • Bulimia
  • Pica
  • Dehydration
  • Malnutrition
  • Malabsorption
  • Obesity
  • Morbid obesity
  • Achlorhydria
  • Aerophagia
  • Eructation
  • Dyspepsia
  • Emesis
  • Hematemesis
  • Regurgitation
  • Colorectal cancer
  • Diverticulitis
  • Inflammatory bowel disease
  • Colitis
  • Crohn's disease
  • Spastic colon
  • Intestinal obstruction
  • Ileus
  • Volvulus
  • Intussusception
  • Inguinal hernia
  • Bowel incontinence
  • Constipation
  • Diarrhea
  • Hemorrhoids
  • Melena
  • Cirrhosis
  • Hepatomegaly
  • Hepatorrhexis
  • Jaundice
  • Gallstone
  • Cholelithiasis
  • Cholecystitis
• Aphthous ulcers


  Also known as canker sores, are current blister-like sores that breaks and form lesions on the soft tissue lining the mouth
• Herpes labialis


  Are blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue caused by herpes simplex virus, also known as cold sores or fever blisters
• Cheilosis


  Also known as cheilitis, disorder of the lips characterized by crack like sores at the corners of the mouth
• Leukoplakia


  An abnormal white precancerous lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek
• Stomatomycosis


  It is any disease of the mouth due to a fungus, including oral thrush which is a type of stomatomycosis that develops when the fungus candida albicans grow out of control
• Cleft lip


  Congenital defect resulting in deep fissure of the lip running upward to the nose
• Cleft palate


  Congenital fissure of the palate that involves the upper lip, hard palate, soft palate
• Bruxism


  The involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth that usually occurs during sleep and is associated with tension or stress
• Dental calculus


  Hardened dental plaque on the teeth that irritates the surrounding tissues
• Dental caries


  An infectious disease caused by bacteria that destroy the enamel and dentin of the tooth
• Dental plaque


  A soft deposit consisting of bacteria and is a major cause of dental caries and periodontal disease
• Gingivitis


  Inflammation of gums, is the earlier sign of periodontal disease
• Halitosis


  Unpleasant odor coming from the mouth that can be caused by dental diseases or respiratory or gastric disorders
• Edentulous


  Lacking teeth
• Malocclusion


  Abnormal positioning of the teeth
• Dysphagia


  Difficulty swallowing
• Gastroesophageal reflux disease


  The upward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus
• Hiatal hernia


  Protrusion of a part of stomach through the esophageal sphincter in the diaphragm
• Pyrosis


  The burning sensation caused by the return of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus
• Gastritis


  Inflammation of stomach
• Gastroenteritis


  Inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the stomach and intestine, especially the small intestine
• Gastrorrhea


  Excessive secretion of gastric juice in the stomach
• Peptic ulcer


  A lesion of the mucous membrane of the digestive system, frequently caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, may occur in the end of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum