chapter 6 (somatic symptom disorder and dissociative)

• The preoccupation with their health or appearance becomes so great that it dominated their lives.

  somatic symptom disorder
• There is an excessive or maladaptive response to physical symptoms or to associated health concerns

  somatic symptom disorder
• characterized by alterations in perceptions: a sense of detachment from one’s own self, from the world, or from memories

  Dissociation/Dissociative experience
• another term for somatic symptom

  briquest's syndrome
• preoccupation with fears of having or acquiring a serious illness

  illness anxiety disorder
• illness anxiety disorder is formerly known as

  hypochondriasis
• many if these individuals mistakenly believe they have a disease, a difficult-to-shake belief

  disease conviction
• severe anxiety and sometimes panic, that the genitals are retracting into the abdomen

  koro
• an anxious concern about losing semen

  dhat
• this test confirmed that participants with these disorders show enhanced perceptual sensitivity to illness cues

  stroop test
• A “sick person” who receives increased attention for being ill and is able to avoid work or other responsibilities is described as adopting a

  sick role
• the influence of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thoughts, and behavior on a person's physical health and the course or outcome of various medical conditions.


  psychological factors affecting medical condition
• a disorder generally have to do with physical malfunctioning such as paralysis, blindness, or difficulty speaking (aphonia), without any physical or organic pathology to account for the malfunction

  conversion disorder
• another term for conversion disorder

  functional neurological symptom disorder
• seizures which may be psychological in origin, because no significant EEG changes can be documented

  psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
• the sensation of a lump in the throat that makes it difficult to swallow, eat, or sometimes talk

  globus hystericus
• defined as a paradoxical absence of psychological distress despite having a serious medical illness or symptoms related to a health condition. 


  la belle indifference
• a mental disorder in which a person acts as if they have a physical or psychological illness when they have created the symptoms. People with this disorder are willing to undergo painful or risky tests to getsympathy and special attention; fall somewhere between malingering and conversion disorder

  factitious disorder
• people who are unable to remember anything, including who they are; complete loss of identity and life history (rare); may be lifelong or may extend from a period in the more recent past, such as 6 months or a year previous

  generalized amnesia
• failure to recall specific events, usually traumatic, that occur during a specific period.

  Localized or selective amnesia
• memory loss revolves around a specific incident – an unexpected trip. Mostly individuals just take off and later find themselves in a new place, unable to remember why or how they got there

  Dissociative fugue
• a disruption of identity characterized by two or more distinct personality states, which may be described in some cultures as an experience of possession

  dissociative identity disorder
• when an individual feel detached from themselves or their surroundings, almost as if they are dreaming or living in a slow motion

  Dissociative experience
• losing the sense of your own reality, as if you were in a dream and you were watching yourself; disconnected from your own feelings, thoughts, and body.

  depersonalization
• your sense of the reality of the external world is lost. Things may seem to change shape or size; people may seem dead or mechanical (a one feels that their surrounding are not real

  derealization
• when feeling of unreality are so severe and frightening that they dominate an individual life and prevent normal functioning (recurrent feeling of being detached.) it involves a persistent or recurring feeling of being detached from one’s body or mental processes, like an outside observer of one's life , and/or a feeling of being detached from one's surroundings

  depersonalization-derealization
• a model that says the possibility of identity fragments and early trauma is socially reinforced by a therapist

  sociocognitive model
• original major theory of how DID develop; severe, horrific recurrent child abuse – one common factor in almost all individual with DID

  Posttraumatic theory
• escaping into a fantasy world where they be somebody else; this is done as a temporary escape; doing whatever it takes to get through life 


  coping as a child
• DID is often comorbid with

  PTSD
• refers to how susceptible we are we are to altering our behaviour based on the suggestions of others; some people are more suggestible than others

  suggestibility
• individuals can dissociate from most of the world around them and “suggest” to themselves that, for example, they won’t feel pain in one of their hands

  self-hypnosis
• people who are suggestible may be able to use dissociation as a defence against extreme trauma

  autohypnotic model
• women who suffered from sever and sometimes incapacitating reactions during the premenstrual period

  Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
• chronic and severe irritability, anger, aggression, hyperarousal, and frequent temper tantrums in children and adolescence

  disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
• the tendency of manic episodes to alternate with major depressive episodes in an unending roller-coaster ride from the peaks of elation to the depths of despair

  bipolar disorder
• major depressive episodes alternate with full manic episode

  bipolar I
• major depressive episodes alternate with hypomanic episode

  bipolar II
• a milder but more chronic version of bipolar disorder

  is a chronic alternation of mood elevation and depression that does not reach the severity of manic and major depressive episodes

  cyclothymic disorder
• a unique specifier of bipolar I & II

  an individual who have bipolar that experience at least four manic or depressive episodes within a year

  rapid-cycling specifier